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Oxford Phrasal Verbs Dictionary for learners of English
Oxford Phrasal Verbs Dictionary for learners of English
Dilys Parkinson
;Oxford Phrasal Verbs Dictionary for learners of English КНИГИ ; ГУМАНИТАРНЫЕ НАУКИ Автор: коллектив авторов Название: Oxford Phrasal Verbs Dictionary for learners of English Издательство: Oxford University Press Год: 2001 Формат: PDF Размер: 49,8 МБ Язык: English Для сайта: www.mirknig.com* The dictionary gives students the information they need both to understand and to make active use of nearly 6,000 common British and American phrasal verbs.* The exceptionally clear design of the dictionary makes it very easy to use.* The main section of each entry contains a clear definition of the meaning of each phrasal verb. A defining vocabulary of less than 3,000 words keeps the definitions simple and easy to understand.* Corpus-based examples show how phrasal verbs are used in current English. These provide useful models to follow.* The entries include related nouns, adjectives, and idioms which are derived from the phrasal verb (such as the noun 'break-up' from the verb 'to break up').* Stress is shown on each phrasal verb to encourage correct pronunciation.* Usage notes dealing with common problems help learners avoid typical mistakes.* Full information is given on the grammatical pattern of each phrasal verb.* Common subject and object collocates used with the verb are included. Students can draw on these for their own active use.* Synonyms and opposites are given to help learners build their vocabulary.* The dictionary contains study pages which give students further guidance on learning and using phrasal verbs, and photocopiable exercises which can be used for classroom or individual practice.* At the back of the dictionary is an invaluable guide to the meaning of the adverbs and prepositions which are used to form phrasal verbs. 85
Categories:
Linguistics\\Foreign: English
Year:
2001
Publisher:
Oxford University Press
Language:
english
Pages:
209
ISBN 10:
0194315436
ISBN 13:
9780194315432
File:
PDF, 49.87 MB
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P English RrF British English C countable noun et cetera (= and so on) noun etc. n 51 sing sth l! 'a l ~ebody singular something uncountable noun See also p x for an explanat~onof the abbreviations used in the grammar patterns. shows common su bjeds of the phrasal verb shows common objects of the phrasal verb shows a verb with a similar meaning shows a verb with the opposite meaning introduces a note on grammar or usage shows the grammar patterns of the phrasal verb idiom(s) section of the entry derivative section of the entry means 'look at' replaces the key verb in a menu box A Oxford Phrasal Verbs Dictionary for learners of English taboo (see Labels below) OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS OXFORD U N m a S 1 n PBBSS Great Clarendon Street, Oxford 0x2 6DP Oxford Universiw Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University\ objective of utcellenct in research, wholarrhip, and education by publishing worldwide in Oxford New York Auckand Bangkok Buenm A i m Cape Town Chennai Oar es Salaam Delhi Hong Kong Istanbul Karachi Kolkata Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Mumbai Naimbi S o Paulo shanghai Singapre Taipel Tokyo Toronto Short forms and symbols used in inside front cover the dictionary Labels used in the dictionary iv Key to the dictionary entries v Guide to using the dictionary vi Dictionary A-Z 1 348 STUDY PAGES between pages 182-3 with an associated company in Berlin Oxford and Oxford English arc ngisFered trade marks o l Owford Universiry Press in the UK and in wnain other countries - Q Oxford Unlvel~ityPress ZOO? Database tight Oxford Uniwrsiw Press (maker) 'FI-t published 2001 Second impression 2002 fips on learning phrasal verbs $2-4 lPhrascll verb or single ward? S5 Are you a naturul born student? S 6-7 sport S 8-9 Computers Envimmenta! problems S10 S11 This dictionary includes -me words which have or arc asserted to h a w proprietary status as trademarks ox o t h t m i ~ Their , inclusion does not imply that they have acquired for legal purposer a non-proprietary or general srgnlflante nor any other judgement concernrngtheir legal status. In cases where the editorial staff have some ev~dencethat a word has proprietary status this ir indicated in the entry for that word but no judgement concerning the legal status, of such words is made or implied thereby Phrasul verbs in newspapers 51 2 Ahmsal verbs in business S13 Phrasal verbs in inbmal language Using ~hrasalverbs in writing 514-15 316-17 Photocopying The Publisher grants permission for the photocopying of those pages marked 'photucopiable'artording to the following conditions. lnd~vrdual pvrchasers may make copies for thew own use or for use by classes that they teach. Srhool purchaser, may make topres for use by staff and student& but th15 permlSslon d w not extend to additional xhools or branches. under no crrtumstanrer may any part of this book be photocopied for r m l e Using phrasal verbs in the passive 518-1 9 New phrasal verbs The most common phrasal verbs 520-21 $22-25 bst yourself S26 All rights mewed. Ho part of this publimtion may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval wtem. or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writrng of Oxbrd University Press (with the role exception of phototopymg mrried out under the Eondrt~onsstated in the paragraph headed 'Photocopymg), or as expressly permitted by law, or under terms agreed w ~ t h the appropriate reprographla r~gbtsorynrzatron. Enqurries conternrng reproduction outsrde the scope of the above should be sent to the ELT Rights Department. Oxford University Press, at the addrrss above You must not circulate this book in any other binding or cover and you must impose this same condition on any arquircr ISBN &1%431542-6 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 Acknowledgements Advirory Board: Dr Keith Brown; Dr Alan Cruse; Ms Moira Runtie; Pmf. Gabriele Stein; Dr Norman Whitnry; Prof Henry Widdowron Phonetics editor: MlchaeF k h b y Guide to the Particles: Graham Workman Guide ta the particles 349-71 Key to the study pages 372-7 &Z pages designed by Peer Burgess Non A-Z pager designed by Sarah Nicholson Cwer desrgn by R~chardMorrrs Data rapture and processing by Oxford Uniwrsiw P r a Prrnted in Swin I Pronunciation inside back cover describes verb, expressions, spellings and pronunciations used in American English and not in 8ritish English, for example k t onsb, blimp outlup, duke it out. approving verbs show that you feel approval or admiration. BrE dtxribes verbs, expressions, spellings and pronunciations that are mainly used in British English and not in American English, for example beaver away (at sth), doss down, put (the clock) h c k . disapproving verbs show that you feel disapprowl or contempt, for example dumb sth down, flash sth about. a figurative example is one in which language is used in a Ronfigurative literal or metaphorical way, as in His anger b l a d up (=suddenly became very strong) unmntrollobly. formal verbs are usually only used in serious or official language and would not be appropriate in normal everyday conversation. Examples are abide by sth, embark on/trpon sth, viefor sth. humorous expressions are intended to be funny, for example toddle off and W e t e rounded up some g d speakers for the conference. informal verb5 are used between friends or in a relaxed or unofficial situation. They are not appropriate lor formal situations. Examples are bang on about sth, kick back, tuck into 5th. less formal synonyms are verbs that have a similar meaning to the main phrasal verb, but are used in less official situations or are more common in normal everyday conversation. less frequent verbs or grammar patterns are not used as often as the main phrasal verb or the other grammar patterns given. literary verbs are used mainly in literature and imaginativewriting. Examples are yearn forsb/sth, eke out 5th. mow formal verbs have a similar meaning to the main phrasal verb, but are usually used in more serious or official situations, or in a less casual way. old-fashioned verbs are passing out of current use, for example, buck up, god aboutloround,run along. rare verbs or grammar patterns are not commonly used. slang is very informal language, mainly used in speaking and sometimes restricted to a particular group of people, for example people of the same age or those who have similar interests or do the same job. Examples are want in, wont into sth, juice 5th up. spoken verbs are used mainly in informal conversations, for example Teak up! chuck 5th out. tabm verbs and expressions are likely to be thought by many people to be obscene or shocking and you should avoid using them. written verbs are used mainly in written language, for example abound inlwith sih, spring from 5th. AmE Information in the dictionary is given In entries, arranged En the alphabetical order of the key words and then in the alphabetical order of the particles. Main parts of an entry -, L-+. - 4 7 ,. . :'eyTT-1.- - PJ* 1 * > ~ - n V v I > - blow mlau: A m E blouf (blew /blu:lblor r and irregular forms. Iblwn;AmE blcunl) I < I Phrasal verb, The main ,blow a'way: ,Iblow sth 1t'way to be moved or carried away 1~y the force I$ the wind 1or by sws breath: to m a.e in thls way: It luas so windy the ~tm r l y bIecuuway'od.sudden b m ze blew his -. ., , neurswpr awuw. o sne mew awav cne oust on the lid. forms of the verb + particle ( .. I\ ,,,&. Definition. The meanings of the verb. 1 & ) Ucamples (in italic type). -- e i v + nlpmn+ adv ru v+aak+n -.-. y I (iqforrm12) to impress sb a lot; .... <L*. to surprise or Dlease SD. r saw raw uruy last ymr and it jwt bl Ir 2 (A&, informad, Mitchell bCw o m y the sport) to dele: other runnprs . w sb a'- .- 8 Grammar patterns to show 6 v+nlpron*a how the verb is used. .- Further information in an entry - --.-- Special symbols show synonyms and opposites. <". .,* -.,<,- TN7,- m- - *-*.q,.v, A*. , . Information on prepositions frequently used with the verb. fmm the resz of the g m p . IEEj sNek out 2 (adfrom sbtsth) to be much better or more a r t a n t than other people or things: This sblsih) t o o p p m or rehse to accept sththat you belleve is wrong Parents often stand o8ut ogoinst give rroublasome behnviour for some tune, then . .ira. EZ) stick out L r sth; hold out agalnsvror st:h 8 bv+a& n3 Idiom related to the verb. ,-' thrai, y v u Derivative adjective related -' d . be very *.., vur I* >w*u b out'standing udj 1 to the verb. Information on grammar and usge. o stand out like a sore thumb t~ nt>ticeable in an urfpleas:mt way: Drvssed like " *- ,h.....h * m e u wr * r r 6 u r r . u :;LA 1 excellent: an OLrtslanding very obviof earth's outslQndm~ feclfllres.. 3 {of payment, wvrk, problems. etc.) not yet paid, done, solved, etc: w r e w v outstanding &bbs o I don't haw any ur outstanding. b ouCstandingly udu 1 used to empkasue the good qual~tyof sth: 01LtSlalLdingiy CYUI@USUCcessfuf 2 exawnely well: Owen has p h y d out. st aridingly thi 1 What is in the dictionary? 3n th~sdictionary we ~ncludeseveral different types of verbs that are used with adverbs or prepositions, (often called 'particles'). a d Io imacit wrb + partide combinations. Sometimes when you meet combinations of verb and particle, it is impossible to guess the meaning in the context from the meaning of the verb and the meaning of the particle. Examples of these arefall t h e (meaning 'nothappen')and put up with m w l d y (meaning'accept mmebdy who is annoying without complaining*).There is often a single-word verb with the same meaning. For example, instead of 'The meeting was put off until the n m day', we could say 'The meeting was postpond until the n a t dday: Single-word verbs, howewr. may be more formal than the phrasal verb, or used in slightly different contexts. b Verbs which are always followed by a particular partide. Examplw of these are rely on, crop up, abide by. These cannot be used wfthout the partide. c Verbs that are followed by a particle in a particular meaning. These verbs can be used on their own without a particle. but haw a different meaning when they are used with one. Brush 5th up is an example of a verb like this. Brush sth can be used on its own meaning 'clean, polish or moke 5th smooth'. Brush 5th up means 'study or practise 5th tog& bock the skifl or know!dge that you hod in the post': You should brush up your French bqfore you go to tofaflce. Other examples are d / W ofj,gmw/grow up, walkhulk out. Many very common verbs fall into this group. Look, for example, can be used with several different particles, and it has a special meaningwith each one that is different from look on its own. rook up the word in yourdictionary. o I'm really lmkingfomnrd to the trip. o h k cut! There? a car coming. Some more formal verbs also fall into this group. For example you can 'jbrmish a room', that is, put furniture in it, but if you 'frrmishmmcbody with so#~tAing' you are giving them some useful infomation. d Verbs with a partide, where the particle adds to, but does not change, the basic meaning of the verb. The particle often adds something to the meaning, such as completeness. For example, you a n say '/'//finishmy work and then I'llgo out' or '!'//finishofJ my wd-and then I'N go out.Wnish 08emphasizes that you are completing your work. Another wimple is wuke/wkeup. You e n either ray 'Iw k e ot 6.30' or 'Iw k e up at 6.30.'Woke up is much more common than w k . , which is used more in formal or written English. Other examples are spreud/sprmd wt,fadelfodemay, ,slonelslmreaway.You will find more information about the meaning of the particles in the Guide to the Partides at the back of the dictionary. e Verbs plus particles whew each has their normal meaning. Phaw bock (meaning 'telephonesb again') is an example of a verb like this. The meaning of phone back can be worked out from the meaning of phone and back. Verbs of this type have been included in the dictionary where the corn bination of w r b vi and particle are very common, or where there is wmething unusual or interesting about the verb. For example, phone bock can mean two slightly different thingr ('telephonesomebody who has called you: or 'telephone sb for a second time J; pin 5th ~p means 'fasten something to a wall with pins: but there is also a noun pin-up, meaning 'a picture of an ottr~ctiveperson designed to be put up on a wall for people to look at ', or 'the person who appeon in o picture like tho t'. bllthese types of verbs can cause problemsfor learners, and so they have been included in this dictionary. 2 Particles These are the particles used with phrasal verbs in this dictionary, The "shows you which are the most common. You will find more information about those particles in the Guide to Particles at the back of the dictionary. - Ip*l abmrk dong back forward - *about... <,"- ---v> w#*~.v-~--, w,---- ~=-~.-v-v-37+ +~,"~* above across among aparl * around before from behind *in *out of --.-. under m F 3 7 " ahar between into onsl ,upon agdnrt side ' "with ---- r----l#wmL ahead *at ahetlwF * OW1 for own *6or A '0 'R on! ~rouah *t D without t 0 fl 3 Long verbs Some verbs, such as mme, go,put and take are used with many different particles. In these cases you will find literal meaning of the verb plus particle included for completeness. These rneaningr can also help you understand the idiomatic uses of the verb plus particle. For example, at run around, you will find the literal meaning 'run in difJereentdirections' (It's a lovely pork fo run around in) as well as the idiomatic meaning 'move vwy quickly from place to place, being very busy' (I've been running around all day trying to organize the meeting.). At the keginning of many of these verbs you will find a menu box with a list of all the particles that can be used with the verb, in the order they appear in the dictionary. These verbs are: -< .---- break orlng 1 roll t c)me rut do fnll go moke hanu Ihold klsap knorlk lie move Ipas pllay kit k pulII sat sn 510RO . I .. .... Slay -a!. .I. STlCK push P"' &*I.lWMW llll. uuln give live run look throw 4m.m send lu~m, It is also possible to add many different particles to verbs of movement to create hulti-word' verbs with literal meanings. For example, we can use the verb w l k in these sentences: We walked down the rwd. o He walked up to me and ask& me for a light o We sang as we walked along. o Walk amss the r o d , don't run. These are draightfonvard combinations of verb and particles. 4 finding the verb you want lke phrasal verbs are arranged in the diaionary under their key verbs (for example. giw,move, sit)and then in alphabetical order of the particles. Within each panicle you will first find the verb + particle, with no object. Then there are meanings of the verb that mn be used both without an object and with an object After that, there are meaning of the verb used only with an object. first verbs with people as objects (sb), then verbs that a n have people or things (sblsth) and then verbs with only thin@as objects (sth).Verbs with itself, yourserf, etc. come at the end of those, and verbs that are only used in passive forms will be last. For example: TvGzF=-.give sb up give sth up give yourself up 7i'zlx=----- p-+y--G- 9" break sb/sth in % w-,*-- be used with an -ingform of a verb that follows it. this is giwn at the beginning: Ifthe verb can - ""--'v- -"*Fa""'" """-W"" "" -."'"',' 7"'- ,msh 'fnh ah; ,rush 'Into dolnn &,.rush st3 'Into doin~gsth to do or decide s t yI quickly WIithout thinki ng about ~t I:arehlly; to make sb , . .. daI this: Don't go rushing znro anyto81la. 0 YOU This tells you that all these sentences are possible: Don't rush into anything. o Don't rush into leaving your course. o Don't rush me in& making a decision. b More information about the grammar of phrasal verbs is given In the section on Grammar Patterns (page x) put 5th ou put yourst be put oui break sth in brwk into sth out) or as a transitive verb with the adverb + preposition out of, followed by a noun or pronoun (Ideep out of my way). 2 Common subjects and objects At the end of many i f the verbs, or ad-;ki--?+; at the end of a n u m b e d meaning, wiu; etc. breaks out, it starts sudden~ly:They wcluId have go l married in 1939 tT wur, had not you will f~ndsame common subjects brnken out. o Plfire brokeof4ton aferry) a t e d a y or objects. These show you the type EEl war, flre, fighting, mw, vlolence 2 ( a h of contexts that the verb is often used in, so that you can use it correctly yourself. For example, at breok out, you will see: ;h;;-;~;s;h 1 The phrasal verb The arrangement of the verbs in the dictionary will tell you whether they o n be used without an object, (INTWNZITIVE), with an object (TRANSITIVE) -.-."--,----Tw*.--*or both with and without an object. "IbkBk ,Znr if a vehicle, etc, breaks down, it Lmk at the beginning of the entry stops working because of a fault: he washing machine has broken down aguin. o We (= our mi-) for h k down: bmke down t w k on the m y home. 2 if talks, This shows you that in this meaning break down is an intransitive wrb, used without an object: My car bmke down on the way to work this morning. Thew arehllo forms of the verb -"-' ' " -'-----"m bum 'down; ,bum sth 'down if a building at bum down: burns down, or sb burns it down, it is destroved - - - by fire: The p a l m burnt down in the heinel&th century. o She thracstened to burn the hehorn down. This shows you that you can use bum down as a transitive and an intransitive verb in this meaning. The definition " ,,k;T;;;Ake';b ,upl,;ke';;6u-F,c also shows you how to use it. 1 to stop sleeping: to make sb slop sleeping: Horn many timesdws Ihe b a b woke reup in the nrght70 Look at the b i n n i n g of the entry I uslsually wake up early in the s u m r o You look for wrrk up. as if you've only just ken uplo Can you m k e me up at 8?o He was woken up by the sound of This tells you that you can use it as an intransitive verb (What time did yorr wake up this morning?),and as a transitive verb with an object (I'll wake you up at 6.30.)or -" '-c7- --- - *,out -- -.Up with yourself (I must haw shouted ,keep 'I o u t ,keep th to not enter a so loudly while I was dreaming that place; to remain outside: There m a sign scrying 'Keep <aut?. o Please keep out gf the o r c e 4whtle 1 woke wrf up.) I'm woskim. At keep out, you will see: v v + a d v + v*adv+prep ,; A This tells you that in this meaning you can use the verb on its own (Danger! Keep ... Vlll R1 Sentences such as Fighting has broken out on the border, Fire hoke out in a warehouse. o A furious mw bmke out over the ownership of the painting are therefore very common and acceptable in English. You can use these subjects and objects to help yau use the verbs in the right context. 3 Synonyms and opposites. -- ,----When?there are helpful synonyms -w.---., ,pull 'In; ,pull'Into sth 1 If a win or a bus pulls or opposites, these are given in in, It arrives somewhere and stops: The express alphabetical order, synonyms and p~ lled in on lir ne. o The morch pulIed in,to boy 27. opposites that are phrasal verbs 2 (RrKj if a vehicIe or a IWiver pulls in, they mtwe to the skle of the mad and stop: 1Dull in in firsi and then single-wordverbs. ml of the. bu .o He puEk - szneewm. .. . d intu Ihe pc~ r k i n gIot These will help you understand D M~urn~o g draw in, draw inta sth the verb and add to your m purr out, pull out or sth vocabulary. Information is alx, given about the formality of the synonym or opposite and whether it is British or American. As the contexts that the synonyms are used in may not always be exactly the same as the original phmsal verb, it is worth looking them up in this dictionaty or another dictionary to be sure that you understand them and how they are used. For example, while knock down can be used instead of break down in the examples given there, breok down cannot always be used instead of knock down. ---.-J--------.---r-..+ f, J They hod to get the police to breakkllock the door down. J If you don't open up, I'm going to knockhmk the door down. J These old houm are going to be hocked down. I( These old houses are going lo be broken down. --- 4 Notes Not6 are given inN o places. Before a definition you will find information a bout the tenses or a particular use of a phrasal verb: Notes are also given after the examples where there is a particular * m Y * r . W <--r--"z- ~ ~ w - y . l l ~ - I------- k'l0ng t5 sb (not used in theprogressiue6ast?s) the property of sb:to be owned bv sb: The k l o n g i to my cousin. 0 That land belongs r ~ ~ ~ X Y X Y - - ~ - . , r t - r r - r - ,blaze a'way 1{at sW&) if m s or people Maze away, the guns fire continuously: Thegum k p t u u r r y, away as the enemy 2 if a fire blazes .I--.-" away, it burns brightly laze is used with the sanle meanings. -8 point of grammar or use to draw your attention to. This b often something about the passive, or + v + a bv where the verb without the particle can alx, be used with a similar meaning. 5 Grammar patterns of phrasal verbs To help you uw the verbs correctly, a simple system of grammar patterns is given after each one. Thew shew you how the verb combines with an adverb, a preposition, a noun or a pronoun, an infinitive, etc. and the order in which these words o n occur. The short forms used are these: ? -A U " 1 "'y,3-.rrrrrr.-~,- ad .I X rerb nitive (withot erb form end a. doinnl .-= not I 7 . -, .* ,Fur ...mrr- - f- .",.n*.-nlu .-a>.-. -9- -. 7- mrr- ,-*-1 lmn = nourI or pronoun P = preposition n = pronoun nf = .infin ...,.... = verb ... Frequent patterns The following are the most common types of verb patterns used in the dictionary. veadv Intransitiveverbs, for example: break down My cur broke down this morning. hang around There was o group of kids hanging omund sit down v + PWP outside. Come in and sit down. These are verbs followed by a preposition. For example: rely on sblrth You con rely on me. call k r sb I'll call for you at 8. come across sth I came across an interning book in the library v + adv + prep Some verbs are followed by an adverb and a preposition: put up with sblsth How do p u put up with him? settle down to sth Come on children, m l e down to work now. keep out of sth Keep out of the kitchen until I've finished cooking. These lad two groups are sometimes called INSEPARABLEverbs as the object always follows the particle. v+nlpron+adv v+adv+n v+pron+adv These three patterns are all used with transitive verbs. In order to be able to use these verbs cormly, you need to know where to put the object. The patterns show you this. The most frequent patterns come first at each verb v+nlpmneadv v+adv+n Verbs that can be u w l with these patterns, where the object can go either W e e n the verb and the particle or after the particle, are sometimes called SEPARABLE verbs. They are shown in the dictionary as, for example, tear sth up: She tore it up. She tore the IeCter up. She tow up the lette~. When the object is a long phrase, it usually comes after the particle: She to^ up a// the letters he had sent her. When the object is a pronoun, it must come between the verb and the particle. v + adv + R v + pron + adv With some phrasal verbs the object can only come between the verb and the particle when it is a pronoun. A noun must follow the particle. They are given in the dictionary as, for example, fight back sth: fight itlthem back fight back sth I tried to fight back my tears. fight itJthem back I had an urge to scream but managed to fight it back v + nlpran + adv There are a few phrasal verbs in which the two park of the verb must be separated by the object. An example is mess sb aboutlaround: T h y changed the flight time and d 011 the pussengrs around. r + nlpron e prep An example of a verb that is used in this pattern is drill sth into sb drilr sth into sb The teacher driiied grammar into us right from the start R~II-IVB. A few phrasal verbs are only used in the passive. for example: klge2 carried away. The verb patterns will show you how to use these verbs. belget carried away will have the pattern beiget + v + adv. betget stuck with sth will have a pattern be/@ + verb + prep. Other phrasal verbs that are used with objects can also be used in the passive for example: The dm1 has been called ofl. Where this is common you will find an example of the passive and a note. Verbs with the pattern v + prep are not usually used in the passive. If they are, you will find a note about this (see rely on sblsth). Orher pcrttems You can easily work out how to use verbs with different patterns. For example, if you look at take sb up on sth, you will see the pattern v + nipron + adv + prep. This shows you that the verb is used in sentences like this: I i i like to _ t o k e ~ u p ~ - o n ~your - ~offerof o M f o r the night v + pron + adv + prep At set out, you will see the pattermv + adv + to inf. This dexribes sentences such as: He s?t out to become a millionai~by the time he was thirty. Boom out sth has two patterns: r+adv + n She boomed out instructions. v + adv + speech A voice boomed out, 'Nobody move!' 6 Building your vocabulary Idioms Many phrasal verbs have idioms related to them. You will find these immediately after the grammar patterns. The idioms in the in some way to the meaning of the phrasalverbwhereyoufindthem, For example: . *--. ,bite alth 'offtocu sth off by biting ft She bit off ,l,WF.., . *--> - ,+.-,rm. rry*,. -,-.*lrl-.m t a piec .e of c h m h ,te. o Hisfinger had k e n bitten ' a dug g$ 033 adv+n + v+r .. tflbte/snap ~ D ' Smean om (lwormag to snout at sb or speak to them angrily, often for no good reason: Ionly asked him when the work w l d bt *n Ean ( i ~ r n a to ~ trv n to do toomucho~sththatistoohiffic~tfory~~:~his time he's bitten flmore than he mn chew. -,, .,- hwahve nouns and C p d i S a s . Nouns and adjectives that are related in meaning to a particular phrasal verb are given after the grammar patterns or any idioms. Sometimes the derivative has more than one meaning, each one relating to different uses of the phrawl verb. You will find the meaning at the appropriate entry, with a link to show you where ..-. to find the =me dmvative with a ---. ,mix sb 'up: b yad ,mixedI 'up to matke sb different meaning. unable to think r:leady or urtderstand w'hat is For example, you will find one h a w:ning: Now y uu'w mixed rn up completely! Im really c, o n.f m !.o H e g ~mil !xedup and cawht meaning of the adjective mixed-up Ine wmwrmzn, a t the verb it is related to, F ,rnlxed-'up adj ( i n f o m l ) confused because of mix sb up; be/get mixed up and social or emot~onalproblems: she's a vew mixedup krd. another meaning at mix dh up -3x e R ~ M ~ ~ E D -at W mi up Cwm STH) (with *h), a link from one to . > L MIX " . . ,, .the other. -r ---------.----- _ abidela-! -3 ..-. -47% >-. Study pages There IS a 25-page section of study pages in the middle otthis dictionary, You can use these on your own or in class with a teacher. They will help you to learn phrasal verbs and give you practice in using them. Guide to the particles At the end of the dictionary is a guide to the most common particles used in the verbs in this dictionary and their main meanings. This will help you understand verbs better and be able to guess the meaning of new ones that you meet. a'blde by ath 0to aocept d m a law an agreement. a decisio~etc. d obeg themilt Members nu& abide by the rules 4f theclub rules, daclslm, the law )S*ll) comply (wlth nth) e V+PWP abound{anbarndl Accoantforsthcanbewedinthepassim: T h w i ~ i s a a * l * w f O rby rwmeses gzzi lor mwIjMto say that it is impossible to know why sb likes sbfsththat yw do not like at .tall:humomw)'She seems to like you.' 'Well - Ihere's m acwurtting lor iwte!' accustom ieaknstmn/ a'bouml in#Hh sth (urrittkn)to have a lot of ee,custom a$ryoumw sth; to contain a lot of sth: The rim them ,murself to doing dh (forno to make abound hiwithfish. stdyourself familiar w ~ t hsth; to k a m e used to ev+prep sth: It shouldn't lake iom lo m W m w u r sluo It hmk o while for d ~ n lo b working in sCCedslak'stdl bermto accuslom themseltres 0 thedark Qv n I m+ prep ac'cede to sth ( r o m l ) to agree to or allow sth that sb has asked for, often after you have onmwedlt forawhile: T h e n o w m m a n t ~ achete~kl ~ pii~icp-ure ta review the a 'ache for sbto have a atrong desire for ESTl request, denwan&, prerrm -A-etosthcanbeus*inthem~: ~bl~~wtodosth:f~achfnglbr~. E 3 lone k r sbfsth H a v e ~ l l o u rrequests k e n u.xeded to? 0V+PEP account ~ a k u n t ~ Qv+pre~ acquaint i ~ m t l ac'ooud for sbrsth 1 to lmow where s ~ s t h ~s ac'qualnt sblpurssff wlth sth 0to or what has happened te them,esmially after make sbly~umIffamfl* with or aware af sth: He&~d&mlakehissonaIongand~uaint him an acc~dentor a natural disaster. All the people w'th lhe bELSiness' who were wrking In the buiMing hnue nola km V+"'pmn*prep m u n l e d Ibr o Them are three files that I mnl m u n t fir Account for7sbisth is often act /=kt/ used in the passive in this meaning. 2 (oldfushiontd)to destmy sth or kill sb: Olrr guns 'act rw sth to perform a partlcuLar mle or fun* m u n t e d jorfiveenemyplanes. tim: W l l j l M ~ OLS ~ imWpm&for us?otorge fines act as a detmmztfomolorisdp. Q V+PWP Dagent,m u l t a n t . I n t e r m e d h w , ac'cuunt for sth Ito expbln how m why 5th deterrent EFW serve ss sth happened: to he the explanationfar 8th: How da QV+P~P you accountfir t h e m t h l the box has d b p peamd? o Poor hygiene m y h ue amomled for 'act for ab(also,&on w h d d s b . p t o n sb". the mwm in apes of the dissrrre. the fact be'hatfj i F sb a& for you or acts on behalf of you, they deal with your *airs for you, for that...2 to beaparticularpart of sth; to beaparexample by representingyou in a court of law, or ticular amount: Car crime nmrunied for 28% of all m p o W o m o Wages m u n t for Iess by doing your duty when you are not able to: Do you huwea solicrlor actingforyoufo The P r i m thun half of the brrdgel. E3 a b r amount, ~ ~ a tuas actrng on hhar of the Qwem o The Prince (particular) pmportlon, (so many) per cent FE9 make up sth, represent sth 3 to keep a zwrsuctingon I h e Q w n ' s behuQ BEd cllent rccord of how the money in your care will be spent or hasten spent Everypenny of thefunds V+P~~P i~amountedfot: 4 to mns~derparticularfacb or 'act on sth (ah'& upon sth mrefimn I to circumstances when you are maklng a decision do sth as a m u l t of advice, information, instruc about sth, especially when you are calculating tions, etc. that you haverecelvd Thepolicethe cast OF sth: The mst of thefilm and the p m anlng on iqformutionfromu m e m k of thepubassing wereail m u n t e dfor m Ihemlculntwn of Iic, o I mjusi ucting on instructions.o IF my the cusi 4f the service. lEB take sth Into advicehod been rmerItrpon, this umuld-haw ncwunt hagpznd &lee, lnlonnablon, Imtmctlons ' e ....-.......-.....*,.,,,.-, ,,*. -,m,. * -, ,...-.......-......-....-......amount .,,.....,,,......,. , W Act onhipon atham be u& in thepassive in this meaning.2 to have an effect an sth: The drugactson themntml nemus system. EtilAct can be used on its own with this meanlng: The -drugocls guickl~ 'e V + P ~ P ,act on be'hatf of sb; ,adon sb's be'half = background added to the afmosptm. o (Brb Thehousehnshenaddedtoouertheyeum. o The fd at the holal is of a wry high stundard Add ta this t h qzmlity ~ cf the hem and the h e m and it Sclmr why this issuch apopuhr hoteI. E i d problems, number, knowledge, anJoymant -Add to sth canbeused in the passive. Qv+pre~ ACT FOR $ A ,act 8th 'out 1 to perfom a story or events that ,add to'gether, ,add sth torgether to come have happened or might h a m , as if yw are together to plpduce 8th; to join two or mom things, numbers, etc. together to produce sth: The games, the dancing and the good f&d all added together lo make a mmombIe l e n . o Whenall the d mfactors err addad togethm I tun understand her & ~ l o n . o Add the fuw numbers together and dlvtde by three. performing a play: The &her read a story and thechildm acled it out. o Sheucfedoutherfunlasies of w p stardom i n f h n t of her bedroom mirror o rnguratiw)The lulwlenationwmfollowing the dmma being acled out on the football field. Ell dory, fanksy 2 to act a part in real life: I IF33 factors, numbers, costs found myse&fCIFIing out the role of good, brnve +v+adv v+adv*n + v+n/p-cm+edv patient 3 (technical) to express your thoughts and feelings in your behaviow, offen without ,edd'up(iqr3rmr)1to seem reasonable:to& h n g aware of it s e w : to have all the different parts agreeing @v+sdv+n + v+nlpmn+adu w ~ t each h other Therearethings In herstoty that just don't add up o Now that I know where she ,act 'up (itbfornsllll 1 to make sb annoyed by rwls lust night, it's all Rm'nning lo adrd up.W behavlng badk trying to get attention, etc: The Add up with this meaning is used especially In kidshawbeen&ingupaI1dqK2Ifamachmeor negative sentences.2 to increase gradually to part of the bady acts up, it does not work prop make a large number or amount: Saw a small erly: Thecar'satctingngpagtzin.o M y ankle bmamount a h month; it'll m n add up. 3 Sf two or ingup I= is painful and causingpmb1ems)i more numbers add up, they come to the total LEEl play up that they should or that you would expect: These EEXEIAct up Is & e n d In the progresshe fim just don't add up. tenses. gv+adv Qv+& ,add 'up( m p ~ b l l yBrE), ,addsth 'up to calculate the total of two or more numbers ot amounts. lneuer muM& up o She's WIY@ add at adding up in her hacad. o Sheadded t h e h u m s ,add sth 'In to include sth with 9th edw to put sth u p i n a t h e .o I ~ b u s e a c ~ k u E a t o r t o a d d into sth e h or between two things:Sond me i h up the bill. newfigzres when the &itional haw h n EEd numbam,fVgm, -om, Eort a&W in,o Pve& zn tm e x b u p a ~ p h s . Qv+adv + w*adu+n 4 v+nlprm+a6v Add can also be used with this meaning: ,add 'up to eth 1 if two or more numbers or AgI'YP addeda mupleof exlrapnragmphs. ures add up to sth, theymake a totalof 9th when Qv+edv+n + v+nlpmn+adv they are added together: Can you anange the ,add'on;,add'on to sthIAmF)to buildanwrtw numbersingmlrps2hladdup10IO?oThecostof room or rooms on to a house or ather building: all the heeguipmmrtyou needfor a baby ad& up ma Tkydecidad toaddon mthr than mow. mnsideruhie sum. 2 (irllormal) to show sth; ta Q v + & + v+sdv+prep have a particular meaning or result:Hts e v W ,addsth 'on:,addsth 'onto nth to include 5th didn't redly add up to very much (= gave us very or attachsthextra: Headdedaon lothebi1I. little information). o Ail in all, it adds up to a W Add (to sth) can also be used with this pretdycbaspemle sifuation. meaning He addedfZ Lo the bill. IF3 amount t o 5th 'act upon sth =ACT ON STH Qv+nlpmn*adv + v*adv+n r v + nlpron +adv prep b W b n n a thing that is added to m included with sth else: The calalogw adverlIsed addans * such as extra memory and soflwure, o a d d ~ n prad~I~Wunits 'add to sth to increasethe size,amount, number, etc. of sth: Taking the chiklren with w muld only a& to ow problems, o Musk pIoyhg rn the Qv+adu+prep address/aniirm/ ad'dress purself to nth (@mat)to think about a problem or a situation and decide how you are going to deal with it: We must a d d m ourselues to lheprobllem of t m p o l l u t i o n . er+pmn+vrep alight / a w l adhere /adWr)/ sd'hem to sth (formu0to act in the way that a a'Hght MVupon s h t h particular law, rule or set of instructions says that you should;tofollw or supportaparlicular opin~onor set of Mi& Thw Rnve adhemi strictb to the W m qf the t?m&. 0 He found Ihe dlet u e r y d m l l loudhereto. o Howmonywpie aalrnlly adhere ta thrs vtew? E Z i prlnclplau, rules, guldellm IBB ksep to ath (lessforma0 Adhere to ath can be used In the passive: All sofew repurremen&rntut beadhered lo. 0 V+PWP admit /aaw(a-) ad'mH sth (formaI)to show that sth such as an explanation or an answer Is possible: to allow sth to happen: The situation admits of only one erplenniion. !BE explanation, a ZEE3 m I k w of sth Q v + prep agree/arm:/ a'grw wMh sb to make you feel happy or healthy: You Imk mt! Marriage obviously a g m wilh you. o M w h m m s don't agree with me (= they make me feel iwsick). -Agree wlth 5b is often used In negative sentences. Q V+PP a ' g m wlth ath; a ' g w wfth dolng sth to approve of sth, m i a l l y a policy or a belief: I don't o g m with w p r l a l p u n i s h w l ,opn dlsagree with sth, dlsegrea wlth dolng sth Q V+PBP 'aim at sth:'afmat doing sth to try to achieve sth: to have sth as your alm: She3 drniRg at a sportsscholarship, o W e n d m o h a t i ? x m i r r g ta notimsblsth suddenly;to h d or think of 5th by chance: My crlighbsd on an old bwt o He$nul[y d g h t d on a solution. B IFgM d u p o n W.th 0 v + prep align /aklam/ a'lign yoursePF with sbrsth to publicly sup wrt a W m n , a group of people or a set of opinIons: Thesenalwal&ned hImw,!f with the critics of the pro^^?& &rim. *~+PM+P~~P allow /a%u/ sl'low for sth to include sth when you are calm+ latlng sth or planning sth:Addan atm ten min- ulps toyour journqrllmemalIo~~for IhamcBic. o I'ue h w h t a lrrrgesike toallowfor #hefactt?mii! mqv shrrnk in the m h the ~ s t b i l l t y , t h e f.etllmt..., d m W Allow far sth can be u s d in the passive: This had not k e n a l l o dfor in the budget. & v + P ~ toshowthat 8th such 88 an explanation or ananswer is&wssible; to makesth possible:ThefuctsaZbwof only onewIerurtIon 5admit of nth al'low of sth * v + prep to sbrsth -0 to mention sWsth in a few words: He hated his mother's way of a1IUdimg W Jmn but never mtually saying her mm. Alrude to sblsth can be used in the p s sive: Do you know lhe-n w h IWSalld8d to in the reporl? al'lude indirectly o r 'e V+P'BP amount/amunt/ ~ A k m t o d o s t h I s a h ~ w i t h t h a'mount e~ to sth (no! UlCBd in the p m m d w meaning:~ Z d o y o u a i m foachkw? lenses) F to add up to sth; to m u l t in a find total v + prep of 6th: The msl of the trfpawu10ted ta well wer 'aim stk at sb!dh ifyouaimsthatap&imlar Xml o The money l p y in taxand i w m m o m person or group, you do or say sth that you lriburlons arnunls m about 40% of my s a b q intend to have an &ect on them: The rrduertlsing P D comstosth2tobeequQltoorthe~~meas mmpniqn isaimdprimarilyal youngpeople. o 1 sth: Whnl they drd ornunred lo a brerrch of conwas maaiming my remclrk~utyou t m . o It doesn't matter w M b Ipay or my bus rernurks, cdtlclsm, campalgn b a d pays - it amounts' lo the snme thing in the Aim sth a t sb 1s often used in the passive. and o I#all amounts to a fot of hard work. EE) Q v + nlpmn + prep soma ta Sfh 3 if you say that sblsth doesn't amount to much, you mean that helshelit is not be 'alrned at 8th; b 'aimed; at ddng d h to wry important: He'Il n e w amount to anything. o have sth as an alm or purpose: !i'he newscheme b The fn~iormntlon wehove d m ' t a m o u n t 0much. e i m a! reducing u?wrnp~ment. wtts. e + be+v+prep EE3 addup tosth @ v + prep a s ' d a t e yourself wkh d s t h 0to say that you agree with sb or with their ideas: It uras unrwzsonable io expm ihe D e m ~ l v l slo ~ f n t k&m s e i w with spending curs and m inc-. r a p P , d l ~ ~ U ~ 4 w d l ev+pmn+vrep attend /antend/ b ~ I v e ofs all the hotet's semiw. o I'd like to ouailmys?Vof thtsopporduni& to hankyouall. EEi f~lllWes,opportunity averager m l ,average 'outto mult in a fair or equal amount over a p e r i d of time or after mal m s i o n s : Sometimes I do tfw d i n g and sometimes my jlallotmate W .It averages out over a month (= results in us each dobg the same amount of cooking). attend to sbmth (formal)to deal wlth w take responwbilityfor 8th: to give practical help and care to sb who needs it Ihnw some urgent business to allend $ao (BrO Are you being attended ev+adv to? ,werage 8th 'out (al rth) to calculate the averbll~hOSs. d~ curto-, age of sth: yuu amage it our, there's am? mr ER) l o o k a f t n r s b l o o k ~ r ~ I h : ~ s s t mstolen ~ euery .three minutes. o The tax oWhoritim (~f0~maO awmged out his profir at fl0m a year overfive +v+prep yean. @v+adv+n + v+n/pron+adv attribute/ambju*/ ,average ' atal sth to have a particular Ntrlbu!e sth to sb to consider, perhaw amount as the mrage overa period of time: The wrongly, that 5th has been written, painted, lime sheswmkpmctising thplnno auerages out spoken or created by a particular person: This at about an hour a day painting is wualIy allributed to Goyn. @v+adv+prep )SYH) a d b e sth b sb Q u + nlpron +prep m m k 9j e (awoke ~ /a'wwk:krnE a'woukl,awoken /a'waokan;AmEa'wwkm/) at'tdbuts sth to sblsth to consider that 5th is caused by a particular person or thing Hi3 owawake to d h V 0 r n I )to h e aware of sth cess can be largely attributed ta hard wrk. Q She and its p s s i b l e results;to realhe or understand sad she u m not going ta attribute blame or a k sth- They finally aluoke ta thefulI &ent of the revengefor whol had happroblem. o I suddenly a& lo thefaa that Ihad EBD ascrih 5th to sblsth:put d m to ah t h m w infront of me, ( ~ S S ~ 0O F ~ @ v + nlpron + prep * * S W O ~ A W A K E NTO STH. AWAREN 80 TO STH ev+prep auction/ k u n , BE 'oh-/ awaken/aawe~kan/ ,auction sth 'OW to sell sth at an audon, espe- a'weken to m,a'waken sb to 5th e r n 0 cially sth that sb no longer needs or wants:The to become aware of slh, or to make sb becorns how and all ILP mnlmfs will be auctioned fl aware of sth, and its possible results: People a m nm week. gmdunlly aluakening lo their rights. o The p u b @v+adv+n 4 r+nlpmn+adv lit has h awakened 60 the full horror of the situnlion. +See U a'vall yoursmtf of h W m l )to make use of 8th. to take advantage of sth, usually to improve your situation: Guests are mmurqged to auail ......................................................................................................... Qv+pmn+m b AWAKE TO 8TH 4 v+nlpmn+prep &v+prep ......-.........................- .....................-.............. . DEB p u f t m t + p u l l w t d ~ , p u l l o u t . o t d ~ back M I . nth;wlthdraw (from sth)(nmomfimO ,back a'way; ,back aWay from sblsth to +v+adv v+adv+pmp move backwards away h m sbtsth frightening or unpleasant: He stepped forward and sha ,back 'up;,back rblsth 'uptomovebackwards a short distance,especially in a vehicle; to make h c k d a w j in alarm o The child bucked a t w y sbhth move backwards a short distance: You mn from the dog neruousljr baek up another i w m e m or so. o J&f backed rotmat (fmm sW&) (momfOt+fd the van up and d m off qujdF1~4 m m t i v e ) +se@olsonncKa m 2 The w m n was backed upagainst the ~ 0 1 1 . +v+adv + v+adv+pmp )svrr) w, mwme 5th (moreJormn ,back a'way from sth; ,back a'way from @ v +adv + v + nlpron + adr v+ adv * n doing sth to avoid doing sth unpleasant or dficult; to show that you no longer supprt an ,back 'up;,back sth 'upif ~ c b n c k e n p o r l s hacked up, ~tcannot move and forms a long line: action or an idea: We will laot back oluay@~om Two l a m were c M by the mW, musing tough m w s m . o The unbn hm h n s k d uway cars lo bacR upfor mtles o The W j i c ts bricked from mlling astrike. up to ihe m c lights. +v*adv+p~ep W B a c k 6th up is nearly dways used in the ,back 'down (o-m sth)totaltebackachimor passive. a demand that you have made, or sth that you 6 v t a d v + r+nlpmn+adv r v+adv+n have said, usually becaw sb forces you to: Neilher of them will h c k down on this issue. e His ,back sbMh 'up 1 to say or show that what sb says is true: I tell my plr& I rws with you, critlm weref o r 4 60 k k down. wilFyou Back m u p ? o Hisversion of events knot EE9 cllrnb down ( w w 8th); glw In (to bock& up by theavidmlce~ ESJ m m e n t , elalrn 3 s C ~ U ~ O B A COFF K (FROM STHIPROM DOING STH), 2 to support or help sb/sth: Me2 mmplalnad that BACK OFF STH her hushand never backed her up In the control of Qv+adv the chiidnn, o W i n g her up (= playing music ,back 'ott I (Informan to stop or to support her) ~ lthesband 'Midnigh!Express'. annoying sb: Back off Md Ier me make my own IEQ support sWsth decisiom. o Thepmshawugmdfobackflalard r + nlpron+ adv v+ adv + n ~~~~) lenw the muple alone. 2 to move away h m t 'backupn [C]fl](AmE,W ) ( - f i y &as sWsth frightening or unpleasant: As t h hmd an &ectiue) music that supports the main teacher apprmched the children btPdrad ofl singer or player In popular music or jazz: a retreat (fromswath) see also BACK AWAY, BACK backup 5ing.w for Steuia! Wonder o She once sag AWAY FROM SBlSTH b w k u p f i r Madonna. ~~ + gv+adv +=U~UBACK-UP ~ ~ B A C K S TUe H ,back 'off (from sttdrom ddng h l , ,beck 'off ,back sth 'up 1 ( m m ~ ~ t I n g ) t o m a k e a w ~ o f a sth (especially Am9 to decide not to continue to file, a program, etc. that can be wed if the orido sth orsupport an idea, in orderloavoid a dmginal one IS lost or damaged: We back up all the cult or unpleasant situation: The government fiIeseuerynight. fl1e2 toaddsthextratosth, b n c M ofT in the face of strong opposition. o He especial& as a support: The lecturps will be refused to Lmk o f f r o m his wrlrer sfniemmt.o backed up by pmcttml work. o They backed up The &Is hwkd fl their demand for meeting their dmnaRdswith threats. wrth thePmidenl. &v+nlpmn+adv + r+adv+n seealso eAcK new ( O N ~ R O WSTH) w 'back-upn I[Ulsupport or help that you can Qv+adv + v + p p URP in arder to do sth: milihrv back-YDo Th# ....... ,back 'ontosth Wh'if )a bullding backs onto haw n huge-h&-up learn. 2 [ciasecond piece of sth, It has 5th tehind It: The Rote1 backs onto the equipment. set of plank percan, stc. that can goIf mum. replace another if necessary:He 'sourk k - u p if anotherplayer h ' t availubk. o the hk-up pian 6 'V + P ~ ~ P 9 [C] (computing)a copy of a ffle, program,etc. ,beck 'out; ,back 'out of slh; ,back 'out of for use in case the origtnal is lost or damaged: doing sth to decide not to do sth that you had Haw you kepi a h c k - u pof thisple?oa buck-up agreed orpmmised to do:E w W i n g ' s a r m W . disk It's too [rife to buck out mu o There'sstill time O +s@e &h BACKUP B ~ B A C Km T H UP back out of selurye the h o w . baa MI (-I balemi ,bag sth 'up to put sth,usually large amounh of ,bale 'out: ,bale 'out of ath = BAIL ow, stb, intoabagorbags: Thewegetabbamhggd HAIL OUT OF STH I up on thefarm andthen sentoutto theshop. ,bale 'out; , M e a2h 'out(&m =BAIL OUT,MIL Bag sth canalsobe used withthismeaning. o v ~ Q v+adv+n a v+nlpmn+adv ,bale 'at,.bale sbhth 'out of sth m~) ,,, ( R ~ E=)BAIL bail SBISTI~OUT, BAIL SBISTH OUT OF STH sth 1 (BTE a h .bale balk ma^^ 'out, ,hk'wt of nth) to jump outof a plane that is going to crash, using a parachute (= a large 'balk at sth; 'balk at ddng sth (-flu =enurnA T S T H , M u L K AT DOING STH PleCe of cloth that owns out like an umbrella ,bail 'aut:,ball *odd and makes people fill slowly and safely): The crew jmt M time lo h i 1 orat 2 0 to stop dorngsthor takmgpart insthbecause it i s d f i - ,balls slh 'upWEE A)to spoil sth;to do 6th very cult or unpleasant: Theactor who luas supmsed badly h bepbying !hewnboiM out. + see o h BACK A more polite. informal way of saying this OUT,BACK OUT OF STH, BACK OUT OF DOING STFF 1s foul Bth up or bungle 8th ev+adu v+adv+pmp ,hi!'Out ,ball sth 'Out(BrEah,bak'out,,bah 8th 'out) to throw water out of a bcat with a container orwith yourhands: Thebwfwillsinkunless we h i 1 out. o Thgr siartedbaillng the boat out. bo=t,watW &v+adv r v + n l p m + B d Y @v+nlpmn+adw v+adv+n b 'balls-up n (A, skng, espechlly i9rEj m e - thing that has been done very badly: I ma& a real boils-upof myexam. A more polite, informal way of saying thls 1s foul-up. +v+dr+n ,bailsb 'out (fnw) ta pay sb's hfi (= the money bandm u d l that sb accused uf a crime has to pay if they do ,bandto'gethertoformagroupandacttogether not appear a t their hial) for them,so that they m order to achieve sth, etc: We tu band can be set flwunt~ltheir trial together toJight thezer%forms. +v+nlm+adv. v+adv+n v+adv ,ballsbnth 'out: ,ballsblsth 'omof 4th ( B E a h .bale sbisth 'out, ,bale ablstk 'wt of sth) bandage /kndrd3/ (informnh to rescue sWsth f¶vm dimculties, ,bandage sbMh 'up to map a bandape (= a especially financial difficulties: Thegovernment long narrow strip of material) around a pi? of hm ref& to $ail thecompany outagain. the body that is @ u r d : Joe brrndngcd me up &v+nlpmn+adv + v+adv+n + until the W r mme. o I didn't see the burns v+nlpron+athr+prep becawe herfingers wereall badaged up. C. 'ballowl n (ospciully AmE, fi~inanoe)an act of EEJ wound. sbC lwann,m k glv~ngfinanclal help to a cornpan): economy, etc. Bandage sblsth up is often USAin the to save it from falliwg~varnmentIbank hiloukP pacsive. Bandage sWsth is also used wlth this o a hiloulpnckage meanlng. balancepbselansl Qv+nlpmn*adv v+adv+n 'balance A against B to compare the value or b a n d ~ l ' b n d i l (b.dk..bmdying, t#ndl.d, bandfed) importance of one plan, mrnent. etc aminst another: You m w ilh& the high &laa ,bandy sth a'boul (also ,b.ndy .th a'mund aguinrt thelong tuorkinghlrrs. eslwcialiyBE)ifa word,anme+etc. is bandied E B net sth amlnst sth about,it is mentioned or talked about by many 6 v+ nlpmn + prep people, often in a careless way: The sturles being ,balance 'out; ,balance sth 'outrupif thbnndied about ore cvmplereIy fa&, o He's nut that are very different or have opposite effects mid onythrng like the £#ama lueekfism being balance out or you balance them oat, they bandiedaround become equal in amount or value: you eat a m story, flgurer, wwdltann uoriefyof fd, protein and mrbohydmu will W Randy sth aboatlaround Is usually usad M o m out o w r a week. o We need to inu& t h m m the passive. moregirk m bnlance up the numbers (= so that &v+adv*n v+nlpmn+adv there are equal n u m b r s of boys and girls). &r+adv * v+adv+n v+nlpron+adv - bang tbml ,bang a'round(also,brig n'beut esmially BrB to move around noisily: We couM hear t h m h i n g n h u t upstairs,nuruiagihings. evtadu banked on getiing a cup qf &ke at the a i m but e v e w i n g uxls closed, o He was hw~kingon she tmin k i n g on time. o She might already haw cieawd up butlwouldn't bank OR It. count on sblsth,eount on ddng M, count on sbl* dolng ath: reckon on sUsth, ,bang a'way 4 . ( h f m m O to hit sth 1pwatedly reckon on dolng sth,mckon on sblstk dolng wlth lots of force or energy: She p k k d UP uphe ath hammer and hgan brvlglng away with mthusG v + prep * v +prep+ dpmn +to inf asm. 2 if sth such as your heart bangs away, It ,bank 'up; ,bank sth 'up IBrE) tu form into a makes very loud regular sounds: My hwn wap large pile; to make sth form a large pile: The hngingaway unhea2th;Ip srrowI&ndbnnkduponeithero~oftherwd. Qv+adv ,bang a'way at sth IAm&,i?@~rmuO t o work very hard at sth: She ban& m y all drry at her assrgnment+ ,srw, bash away (at sth)(BE? &v+adv+prep Qv+adv a v+nlpmn+adv t v+adu+n ,bargaln ath a'way (mre)to give away 8th valuable or Important in exchange for sth less valuable or imprrhant: The lerrders Med lo bnrgnin away thefeedom of iheirpwpk. ,bang sth 'down to put 5th down quickly and with a lot of force so that it makes a loud noise: +v+adv+n + v+pmn+adv + v + n + a d v ( h He banged hisfist down on the labk o He hnged fwwnt) thephone down (= ended the telephone conversa'bargaln forlon sth; 'bargaln Form dolng tlon) beforeImuId&xpInln. 5th; 'bargain forlon sbleth dolng sth to @v+nlpmn+adv + v+adv+n expect or be prepared to do sth; to e m sth to ,bang 'Into sbtsth tocrash intom hit sbtsthviohappen or sb to do sth: We hadn't b u r g a f d f o r lenm usualIy by mistake: He ran around thecorsuch bad weathe%o 1 hadn't bago tned on taking ner and banged &to an old lady who luas mmhg the kids with us. o Ididn't $argainJor Jake being the other way. at the wrtlr o When he tried to awue mIth Kate, e v + m hego&ok than re h a d b ~ ~ d n e d f oorWhal . ,bang 'on a b w t sblsth (BrE, Ilgforrrml)to talk I hadn't bargained for was that veryfew pmpk or write a lot or tn a boring way abut 6th:Put is would speak English. aEwy$ bmging on abut mlftlcs.o She keew BE) reekon on sblath, mken onddng ~th. hngingon aboul how t u o d r f u l herson a reckon on sblsth dolng 5th IEE) goon (aboutsblskh) EiElThese phrasal verbs are u9uaUy used in (g v+adv+prep negative sentences. V+PMP ,bang 'out sth; ,bang When?'out (irV3rmuD 1 to play music very loudly: He h n g e d out the tuneon thepiano. 2 to write sth very qu~cklyand barge/ h d 3 : ~ m ~ h - r & / wlthout taking much care: She was banging out ,barge 'in (on Wsth), ,barge 'Into sth (InJ%rfour mvek a w6 IE9 b S h d h Out (BrFJ; mno 1 tomteraplaceorjoinagmupofpeople chum sth out quickly and rudely, without being ask& Sony A noun must always m o w out. but a prp t o M h , h t ... oShebrrrgedinonowmting noun comesbetween the verb and oat. wtlhoul knocking. o He just (his way) inlo + v + a d v + n .v+pmn+adv the m m .2 to interrupt what sb is doing or say,bang sbtsth 'up ( A d , iqfommfl to damage or ing,especially when you have not &n Inv~tedto I ~ J W sblsth, especially by hitting sth else: I joln in: As soon as I pn& for breath. &Id banged up my knee when Ifell flthe bike. barged in, 0 Youmn" j u t coma h r g i n g into o w &v+sdv+n + v+nlpmn+adv wnuersnthnl Qv+adv + v+prep beiget ,banged 'up (BrE,i n f o m O t o b locked up or put in prison:He wasbawtdup in a S i W barkw k m b a x k l pow jail for six months. 4$~belget + v+ Etdv ,bark sth 'outto ahout ath loudly: Shebwkdout i n s W h m Z o h 8 r ~ ~ rap sth wl Ell ordsn, lnstntalons W Rark sth can also be used with the same 'bank on 8'bank on ddng ath: 'bank meaning, He h r k e d o r d m at T f m on sblsth doing sth to rely on sWsth: to be g v + a d v + n * v+nlpmn+adv * v+adv+ap#zh confident that sth will happen: 1'm habankimp on your help o I'm hnking on you to helo me. o I'd e ..barrlcade ................ . ................................. -................................................................................................ 10 ..... .........,....... ,,,.........., * -. * barrleade/,mkerd{ ,bash 8th 'out(BE, wimal)to write 8th vwy bad,&= yourself& 'I,; be*,-de qulckl% without taking much Eare: I don't do IJustbhthmout. youmetftsb 'Inl~ntofln'slde sth to put up a line of objects at the entrance to a moo or build~ + ~ ~ , " ~ Y+ ~ m n in& so that nobody can get in or out, usually to protect or defend yourself or sb else: T k p o l h , b s h sb 'UP (&rE, W r m b to attack sb vio1"tIly mild when he barricaded hi-rf in. They b~rrbxdedt h e m i w h i d e their house. o UP Famllm had to be bebarticaded insidea resta~rigap Bashsbupisusedlezs often than thesynw w h i k s t & @ n t s p r u wlslde. ~ nym beat sb up @ v+n/prOn+adv v + a b + n &W room, hwrse @ v+nlprnn+adv v+nlpm+prap bat Ml Mt.1 . . baselbersl ,bat sth a'rouml (inform0 to taLk a h t or &Base 8th on sth ( a h at,,,~ cugsvlansor ideas,etc.beforeycu decide what to upon & mwp formno touse orhavem id- an-fieme. etc. do: We'reim b a t l i ~ S m hiksomW e -. as the point h m which 5th can de dml&: @Id I d ~ s . f i g u m 8 Themuelisbnsedonatrwstorjr o&kbming &v+rlrpmn+adv 4 ~ + & + n the pmsecutmn cuse on the evof two .wit. ne-. 0w h the ~ design based w orhs batten1r n ~ ~hnr r t h tustd upon i m r & imrm- ,batten sth 'downtofasten 9th firmly firmly &order #ton.o Sue's kno.wl&e of Japan was bns@d only to prevent damage by starms or winds: Thqr on whutshehndmadin books. mamged lo batten &urn the shutters and doors bselslon, theoty, deslgn, qlnlon, stc Wore the hurrimne hit E 5 l l Base sth onRlpon 5th is often used in the ,Wsth ' o u t ( l ~ r m a Lesmiulty Brmto say or be 'down to sb to be the rmponsibilim of ak to besb'sfault:It's&wn toyou@he@lhrmrmra sing sth very loudly or in a harsh voice: 5% Qv+adv+pr%p M t giw you an order She bawls it out. o The only a little money left be ' d m to sfh to chiidmn h w k d o u t tht?songSn * passive v + Wpmn + prep J E ficult times ahead: Businesses are b m.m-l n ~ down the h t c h e s and preparing pr a dimuz umr J--.. , h s h sbtsth a'bout ( B E , Worm0 to hit or strike sblsth and treat themlit in a rough - m y.: b m e r r ~ r ) ~ Themuggerhadkshedherabout ,batter nth 'down to hit 8th EepeatedFy until it (4 v + nlpion+ adv breaks and falls down: Theonly rurry &get in unrs .bash a k y <at+th) (BrE)ta work very hml at ro hl&r thedoordotom sth fora periodof tlme:IbaPhsdawyatihe&@Jdoor= keakh clcmn:&.(hh icie w~thoutab r e a k h m I 1 until 6. +v+nlpmn+adv 4 v+adv+n Ov+a& ,bash 8th ' d o r m ( i ~ l , ~ ~ b ~ ar~ ~l kt( s omta&~r@w~~l~ub.~k) Ib~:kl destroy sth and make it fall bv hittlnn it vi* -~ e n d~~ h: ~ ~ h ~ ~ ~ h a d l o b a s h ~ h'baulk e d ~ at r d am; o w .baulk at d o [ sth ~ to mdoorm break *h (mmfirmao, unwilling to do sth or to get involwd In rth knock 5th d o w n ( m o ~ o m ~ because it is dlfflcult, dangerous,expensive,etc: +v+nlpmn+adv 4 v+edv+n Hehulkedat theidea of Mlinghispurents where ,bash 8th 'in (infinraal, espedully Brm to bmak hemgoing. or destroy sthbyhlttingltviolently: Thwhdom EZZl Idm,mpame had k e n W e d in. @ V+PW EQ wlndow, haad. skull. m -e - EE)smash sth in Bash 8th in is often used In the p a s s i ~ +u+nlprcm+adv *v+arhr+n 03Il .bash sbk 'k&bralm In (Womanto hit sb very hard: Shut w o r r l l baFhyour bminsin! , b s h "a (with nth) (ME. Wrml)to continue workhe hard at sth: Lei's bash on. oI'd k M r bash on w ~ l hmy work. E B eat on Iwlth sth) Imowfirmarj Qv+a& + v+n+adv(mrP) Qv+adu*prep be/bl:m f m b k l (Warn, ~ m gwar , {waa, woa;AmEwaz, whe\,wsm Iwa(r), #:(r)/, M n /bin,bmo -aRer -at "away -berm -- bhind beh~ndm -down I'mdownlomy l a s t & I h b -on 12 - o n a m - / p l w p on a! -onto -out -outfor -outof -down m -down W 4go d m with -war -psd thmugh -in -in-/get in on -(well) In wltt~ -up Mfore -up for -- ibetgo 'down wfth 8th to have or catch an illness:Glll'sdown withflu +v +a& + prep be 'In 1 to be in fashion: mlsklrts me in #his season. 2 to be elected to apolitical position: The bmocmtsam infir another iernt. *v+sdv be 'In for sth (Irsfomdj to be going lo experience 8th soon,espeAally sthunpleasant She's in forn shock. o It lwks hke we're infiro srorm. UP up wrist -uplo 13 -upon -Into -off @v+adv+n r v+n/pron+adr . b a t t e n d m fhe'hatchw topreparefordif-- bash ~ +v+adu+n 4 v+pron+adv v + a d v + m bawlb y ,bawl sb 'outI M m l ) to s w k angrlIy to sb bemuse they have done 5th wrong: hfy baaa hwledrrPe outfir hInsIrrk, I S 3 tell sb afl (for 6tMfor ddng sth) 6 +. , ,-iwbwt n,pmn + a* ,, + adv + ,, (wrmat) am of speaking angrily to sb because they haw done sth wrong sth to try to gat or obtain sth:Saueml b~ p o p k i n t h e o ~ a r e ~ t M w m j o she's b. bmngbuniw. IwrclnrImwhats&'s& QV+P~P b 'at ab (I-, eswespecInIIy W.Ej = srr/ool KEEP ON AT 68 be 'at sill to be busy doing sth:He3 kern at his essaynllnight. oI'ilbeal fialldny lomorroul ev+adv+pmp befget 'In on sth (ilafwmafi tohave a sharein or knowledge of sth; to be or become involved In sth:Amyou3non~he?oI'dlikelohinon hdeal. Q v+adv+prev be (well) 'In with sb to be (very)menuwith sb and likely to get an advantage fromthe£riendship +v+a&+prep be 'Into sth to haw a taste for w an Interest in sth: Are you inlo jazz rnwic?oHe'sbaen inlo tmfnsssfnceMwtwasmIlBoy. eV + P ~ P he 'Off 1 to leave; to go, - M y in a hurry: I must be ofl 2 to have gone bad and not be fit to eat or drtnk: This milk is on +v*abu be 'off 8th 1 to have no interest in sth: to have be 'at It to behave badly; to argue or Wt: stopped liking sth. She can't b w1I. Ske's &n TIw kids om ai It again. ofl herfood all A.o That's it I'm f l men for lve. 2 to have finished speakon the tele be a'way to not 'be at Dome, especially when YOU phone:Isn't heofl the phoneyet? are on holidayMW.atlm or on a buslness trip: b v + prep We'll bt o m y for the month of A w w t . oHe5 away on brrsilmessat the moment. be ,off for 'sth(#rformoOm have a particular *v+a& amount of sth: How am w flfor (= how much havewegot)? ke before ~b= B E UP BEFORE SB +v+adv+pr%p be be'hlndsb to give sb your support Don Warbe 'on 1(of an went, a show,a perPormanoe,etC.1 get that W'W behfndpuall the ww to be happening: to take place: Is ##party V*PBP ,bbe'hlndvrfth sthtobelatedoingath,suEhaa on? 2 (of a performer)t o be on the stage;to perform:Who's on m? o We'reonafter the support paying abW, yourrent,etc:We* behindwiththe band, 3 (of f d ) to be cooking:Am the p o t o m mortgage repayments. o I'm Mind with my cob m? Icge usrgmenrs. +V+PW rnm * +v + adv + prep h'downif a computer system ts down, it La not working temporarily:SureIy y o w c O m P W isn't down again? Qv+adv be 'down on sb to treat sb severely or UnealrlY: He'sbeenreaUy&wnonmMl~ cAv+adv & you'rs (spoken,~lrformal) u d when you are accepting a bet or a c h a w be 'onsb if sth such as drinks,fwd, ti-, etc. are on sb,they are paid for by that m n : The drinksumon mtonigh1.nkht. @ v+PreP be 'on sth 1 to be taking medicine, a drug, etc: be 'outof sth tohaveuwdupa pupply ofsthand S h e ' s k n on ihepillSorlenyears. o r'ntonstrong havenothing left We'moutof swar ~ ~ i n k i l k2m to be talking to sb on thetelephone: @ v +a& u prep she's ken on thephonefor to be eating be 'wer sb to have returned to your usual state or drinking &I: I'm on thW ~ I W Y of happiness after the end of a relatfonshfp:It th FPmorniag wns hardat~rst,but I'm o m him nour Av+n-lr ~~ V . P.YC ev+wp am you 'an? (s-, I@oml) used when you are wry surprised at sb's behaviour be " to your state of health after an illness:He's o m theflu and are suggestingthat they are acting in a simlnom lar way to sb using drugs Q v + m ba 'on about st h (bg-orrnal,m p ~ i aly@ l to talkaboutsth,oPteninaboringway;torneangth: be 'wst't(wmo~toshowthatymthink He's a l w y s on aboul how rnllcn money he eorns. sb is so old that they can no longer do anything Or interesting The *'ldren &Whedat 0 WhQtareyou on about?(=I don't r e d y h h anrIaid he w a s m it stand). * what ev+adv+prep bIgheep at rb 1l (mmal, e s p m BrE) ~ [ bto try to persuade sb to do sth $y talking about it verg often and in an annoway: I'ue k e n on at my husband to go so the doc106 but he mn't. BE) n q sb v+pp be sonto *b 1to becomeawm thittsb has done sth wrong or illegal slid be trying to catch them: Thepaliceamn'!onto wpt. 2 to talk to sb about sth, especiallyto coinplainsbout sth or ask them to do sth: rue k n onto the muncil abut Ihe no&. Q v+adv+pmp e V+PWP be amto to find or sththat cwld hirvevery gd results you or sb else: She could be onto sonrsthing (= she might hw discoverd sth that wffl pmve important). $v+PW (b ab) to be ronnected to sb on the "Iephone Y w h t h m ~ h m m *Othemnagwmm rn knock sblsth down You'rr @ v + n / p m + a& towards sblsth in a determined or threatening way: A m u x l cfjournalisAF born do~unon the m i n i s ~ o Ahwrimner is bmrfng down on c e w l Am&. 2 (eswtirrlly AmEE if a problem o r a d i t l c u l t situation bears down on you, it makes you fwlvery worrid and has a severe mecton you:Thedraught i s h r r w d o m n wry hard on farmers. 3 (espciaJly AmEl to press or push on sblsth: Cligumtiue)The g o m m e n t has announced It will bear down on (= deal strictlywith) irlflntion. ev+adv 'up 1 to be awake: b ' m W e a m all night. 2 (of the wlnd, the sea, &c.) to increase in strmgth or bpcome violent: I n the morning the wind uxrrp up and we m t twdyfor a dOYk sof1irag. 3 ((spoken. iwiirnm0 (of a drink a meal, etc.) to be ready: W 3 up!Come andgel It. *seeab To @u+adv h'up against a b t h toke fadng problems or difficulties: W e k up agailrsi tough mmptifion. O rhmprayers 'Mu& lh@Yuh?re raa'rV up aminsf it I= in a dimcult situation). o Do YOU a v + a h +n (hJh7ma) ,beat 9th 'down 1to hit 8th hard. &n many ,bear '~QWIon s b t h ( a h ,bear Idarm upon times, untll ~tfalls down: Tlae pol& had 0 M t sblsth moreformnl) 1 (=phi@ BrE) to move the door doun, o h p l e am h n d l y beat- the be 'through (with sblnth) (especlnlly AmE) to havef~nishedusingordoings* tohavehished a relationship wrth sb: Aren't you FAmugh w? You've h n 0 He p r a m h i Re was through with dmgs. o Keith andIare through. hE UP * v+adv+tolnf mrn +v+prep+~t be '*mugh nod,tohave sbtopped work asapmtestand ba on strfke: Themstal workersorsstlllovt. 2 to be nolonger in prison: I'veheardSmilA3out mlirewhtW'uh~pagai~fl if a jury (= a group of m p l e who decide the v*&*P'Bp results of a competition orwhether or not sb 1s guilty of a crime) is out, they m stiu trying to be 'UP bfore sb at.^ be* *)to -r in court or before ajuof*: He'sup mom t h j d ~ @ make a decision 4 to no longer be in fashion: ~ r r o ~ Black ls out thisyea,: o F b l i r e w s s m r o & out 4 v + a d v + ~ m v+PreP ~ of fashion these dqvs (= no one is gwlite any more). 5 if an action,for example, b out, i t isnot be 'up for ath 1 to be mnsidered for sth, espe possible or Is not allowed: Shll w g @ tm g d k cially as a candidate for ajob, In an eIection. etc: one evening mt mek?Monday's out -I'ue god a She's upforpromotion, o &formal)Thmtrm 50 Fretrch class. tickets w f o r gmbs I= mailable for people who Qv+& askquicklyt 2 tobeforsb to buy2seeyourhouw the Jury b (still) 'out on s(k used when you is up fir sale. o A Picmso is upfor a u c t f o ~3 are say~ngthatsth is stihot certain: Thejury is (i*msal) to tw ready to take part In an activity: stillouton whether w i n e m hgoodfiryou The newjob wrll beachallmge,but I'm upfor it. beloutfwsth;ba hittodosthtobetrying 4v+&*Prep very hard to do sth or to get sth: He's outfor b 'Up ta 4b 1 to be sb's responsibility or duty: r e m e . 0 Everyom'sjusl oul for lohat they can It's up lo you lo makesun thehoztse Lr kept tidy- 2 gel thesedays (= they aretrying to get things for tobe lefttosbtadecide: 'Shalt wgaou6? 'It'sup themselves).o The & m a team wnnt lo win toyou.' thisreom, bu#Smzilawout tn stop them. ev+adv+pmp +v+a*+prep be 'up ta sth (Iru3rmal)1 to be busy doing sth, mpe~iallysth bad: Whol ?laveyw been W ,beal sb 'baaktomakesbmwebackwardsaww labehy?~ThekldFmqufet- I'rPn sum they'rew from sth: She rws beaten tuck bythePames.0 ro M gmd (= they are doing 8th bad). 2 to be as T W t r M lo beat theenemyf o m back. g o d aspeopleexpxt: Wasywr ntaol up tostandBeat sb back isusuallyusedin the pass&. ard? +v+nIpron+adv * v+a&+n &~*adv*WP 'down(on/upon sbl*) I if the sun beat8 muvkatb up? (spoken i n f w m 1~ used to ask ,beat down, it shines with great heat: The sun bw# sb if there is sumethingwrong: You h k terrible! down all ufternmn a clear sky. 2 if rain What's up? 0 Imuldn't rcndersland what was up beats down, it falls with great form: The rnln mfth George. 2 used as a greeting to mean 'how was lanling down on #hem. are you?, 'what have you been doing?', etc ev+adv be u'pon sb (formnilto be going to happen verg , b a t sb~sth' d m to persuade nb to reducethe soon T~etecrwnIsalmasr umn ILT. price of 5th: to get sb to accept a lower prim for 4 v + prep sth: Chrk triadlo h i them down lo a io~erp*. dam down mgether hat b w k (= they are not rushhg to buy it). EEl dear b w k 5th d m ; batter 8th dmrm 2 to make 8th flatter or lower by hitting it hard, usually with sth flat: I ~ w d spade a to t a t d o w n themuduntil it u h w w and hard. o 5%0 rwmen tried to beot down the j E Q m on his back. EZJ flames + v+nlpron+adv + v+adv+n ,bed sbtsth 'off 1to drive sblsthback or by lighting: They b w t off an attack & hhrebe! army. o ~ e % i e d lo beat the thugs of with a @v+adv+prep stick. E E l attack,attnckar 2 to defeat s h t h in 'bear onmpon sb/sth uormtd)to be connected a comwtetltlon. Themmpany has beaten W V withsblsth: to hovean effect onsWpth:Thisdacistrong competitionfmrn abmnd. EEd chl!enga, sion bmrs d i m l y on our evemiby [iues. mpetltlon on E9 dfed " stu'sth EEl7lThis verb 1s rnaLnly used .. 11Sfi. & v + a d v + n + v+nlprwrtadv In written Eng- 'beat on sb MrnE. idormal) to hit o t klck sb repeatedly e V+@P see O h W A T SB UP:BRAT UP ON SB ,bear s b t h 'out ( e s m h t i y Brm to show that ev+prev sth is true or that what sb says Is W e : to support ,beat 8th 'out 1 to pmduce a r m m b~ M W sbtsth:Iolwaysslrldshe'd doruell. John will bear 6th such as a drum repeatedly EZ !i rhythm 2 to me out on this. o John will bevlr out w h t l s 0~ ~ putoutaflwbyhitting it withsthsuchasablanThisih~isrwtbormout@thf~~. ket, a jacket, a brush, etc. He used kisjnclfet 50 +v+n/prcn+adv 4 v+adv+n baat out thefInmes. IiBJ flames, flm 3 to make a ,bear 'up ( u w r sth) to remain cheerful and in p~weof metal flat by hitting it with a hamme' conml in a diffcult situation: 'How is Your etc: PUmgotd mn be &ten out foform V q Illin motkr?"She's W r i n g up very mluelL'o 'How are sheds. E E goldnmn,dent you?"Oh bearing up' g v + a c i v + n v+pmn+adv v+n+adv(less +v+adu J%wuenA ' b a r U r n 8b/& = eEAR ONh7PON SB/STH ,boat sb ~t(Forath)(AmlT)mdefsatsbinammpetition: Thgy &at wL n h other wmganiesfor 'bear with 8b tobeptient withsb: ifwu'lljurrl the contract. bee* wrth mefor a moment, I'll hy to find 0 @v+nfpmn+adw v+adv+n She's ~tndsra btofstmin. Just beor wlth her Bearwlth sb is usually used in the p-nt 'beat sb to sth; ,beat sb YO H to achieve 13thor tense or to ask sb to be patient. reach a place before s'b eW.Beckham h e a l everyo m eke to the ball. o Book iww Wore s o w v+PWP else beabsyou bo it! &. e +v*nfp~pn+pwp beat up ................... ........XI ...............h . ..... ............................ m...... .. 14 .....II......*.......-...................X....IX ... _ , k M Sb 'uptohit orkick sb regeatedly: H e r b bandlrsedtoWhm~.oThegangtmn#round,beg 'off;,beg b f foft ,beg 'off dolng sth to becsting up old India. ask tobeexcusedhm sth;to say that you cannot bWh sb up (informal. h m t ) do 6th that you are expected or have p r o m i d to + ~ ? Q ~ D B E AUTP O N S B do: She was asked & work the weekend shift bud &v+nlpron+adv v+adv+n she tried to beg OAF o He kgg@doff ~Lstiinghis b ,beat-'up ( m m h l l y A m ( B E m l l y grulndparents. ,baterr-'up) udj [usually before noun] (inforEfBpull oltt, allout d atk,pull out M ddng ma0 old or damaged: Hedrives a h t - u pold mix , h a t yourseH 'up (informan to blame ywrself for 9th; to criticize yourseIf: w don't sllGceed thefirsf t i m , weshouldn't beat ourselves urn but try ugain. -L a .e)v+pm*aW ,beat 'up on sb W,i w 3 1 7 ~to ~ )attack sb physically or with words: Of mum it3 mot OKto b w t u p o n ~ v r w i f eo. H e w a s d o f denling upon the Presidernt in thepress. + Seealso BEAT ON SB @v+adV+prep beaver /%tmr)/ ,beaver a'way (st ah](BrE, lrlformal)to work very hard at sth: She*$ been h v e r l n g atmy at her homeuwrkforhours. @v+adv become~brkhml( b n wmeml becoma) be'comeof sbhthO t o happen to sWsth: I w n d e r w h ~ bmm t of the m p l e wfto lived ~dwroWhtwLfl$ecwne~us~ job? =Becomeof sblsthisalwayswdhaqwstlon with what (4 v + P ~ P ,bed "down (&.E) 1 to lie down to ga to sleep somewhere you do not normally sleep: Young people h k k d down in ahrwnys. IEB doaa d m (BrE, lessformal)2 ( a h ,bad 'In) if sth/sb new beds down, itthey W m e settld and start to work well: It'll take a whilefor the new sysbrn ro bed &wn. o The tam players have Meii down well an the Mrn @v+adv beef J~HI ,W 'up nth; ,wM e m 'up ~*donnal) to make sth bigger, stronger, more interesting,etc: Securib has hen W e d up. o Tha mmww hns been Wfngto ktf up its imp, A noun must always follow up, but a p m noun wrnes between the verb and up. @v+sdu+n + v+pron+adv t ' b w f w b p ndj [only before n o w improved; made bigger, stronger, more Interesting, etc: beefededupsecurity be'lfeve In s M t h 1 to feel SUE that sbtsth exists: Do you klieve in ghoslppo I believe in God.o 1don't belieue in aliens. + see a h nlseeLIEVR It4 SdSTH 2 to have confidence in sW&, to feel surethattheylitwilIbesucceWlorachiwe sth: Mypamnrsalmuys k l i e v in me. o I h w 60 believe in a p d u c t W o r e I m n sell rt. OV+PP be'lleveIn sth:be'lhva In dolng sth tofeel thatsthisright or valuable; toapproveof sth:Do you beltem In w i t u l punishment? o She M Y believe in running rrsks. o I'vealways b e l W in giuingpmple a s m n d cham^ Q V+PWP be'lleve ~ t of h sb to accept that sb is capableof a particular action, etc., especially a bad or immoral,one: Taking drugs! 1can't belime f h t oSLucy! o If I hudn't seen him &M it. I would ~ Imuer m y have b e I i e d t b of him. o She is &*rmined io believe she worst of me (= think I am capable of doing, and l i l y to do, 6th wry bad). @ v+ nlpmn + prep belong~ I T R UA&-19-1 ; be'long to sb (MI rrsed In t h e m l w m) f ta be theprolwrtyof sb;to be owned by sb: The hourre belong& to my wustn. o That land belongs iothegollduh o W h o a b w t h e m n k b ~ & ? 2if a llme or an event belongs to a team, a group of people, etc. they we the mast succemfhl,popular or ~mportant:Britain drd well in the athletics wmpatition, but #heoby klongwI to N ~ m oy Thesecand havd thettuentiethcentuury hlonged to the young. 3 if a job, a du& etc, belongs to you, it is your responsibility. Thejob of d k r p linirsg ta chzld belongs lo thepar@nb.o The credit for our smxss hlongs io #hestaf (= they made us s u c c e M , for example by working hard). - " behng bone $ p e r k E!Dl spclu, clar*, group, eatngory 3 to be part of 6th or connected with a " bindpmmd/ W n d . b ~ m bdamd/E ,blnd sb 'over (law) to warn sb that they wllF part~culartime or place: These things beIong lo hare to appear in court if they break the law the pusL o Wrztm like him belong to a different again:He was b o u n d o u m t o l r e t p t h e ~ . @nercafmn EEi thm w,generation B i n d s b m i s u s d l y used inthepawive. Q v + m &v+nlpmn+adv belt ~ b e ~ t t ,belt sth ' d m ( A M , t@rmoO to drink ath quickly: Hebelreddown hisher Z9 knoek sth back Qv+adv+n + v*nlpron+adv + v+adv+n 'blnd sb to sth v o r m n to form sb to do sth by making them pmmlw to do it or making it part of a legal document: Th@mmpany directom we hound to wcmq (=they have promised not ta say anything) about thefrr#ureoJ the wmplny. o The bandfound they tuew bound fo the mnbuct. Bind sb to 8th is usually used in the pa% ,bell 'out ztb; ,belt FMhem 'out (lrbformaoif SlI'C you belt out a song or a piece of music, you sing or play it very loudly: Nobody mn belt alrl a hne Qv+nlpr~l+w~ likesiwmn, o A mdio h i t d o u t p o p music. ,bind 8th Up (with sth) ta tie a long thin piece of mA noun must always follow out, but a pro- fabric mund 9th to protect it: S ~ bound E up his noun comes betwm the verb and out. wounds with bar&$es. +v+adv+n r v+pmn+edv Q v + d v + n + v+nlpm+adv Im bound 'up In st41 to b very busy with 8th; ,belt 'upIBrE. WrmaO 1(spkm)used to tell sb to be very intm-sted or involved in sth: Hebtm not very politely to be qulet: &*U up, will you? hound up in hls work to haw much time for hls S ~ Uup I ( r n f o m l ) 2 to fasten the belt that childrw~.bound 'up wlth 8th c l w l y connected you wear in a car to keepyou in yourseat ~fthere with sth: The history of She mmmw is ~ I buckle up is an accident (a seat belt) bound up with the histary of the CranlfarniIy. @ v+adv bend (m, b mm t n b i bmrtl (MI l b r t l . ' b w l'bml) ,bend 'downto lean down: He &nt dorota ond 'bAeat sthtotrytobitesth:The&gbEIatthe boy'shand. kissed heron thechmk. 6 v+adv QV+PP ,bend ', ,bend 'aver sth to lean mrw: to ,blte 'back (aswab) to mct when sb has harmed you and ay to harm or crlticiza them: bend h m the waist: Bend ouer nnol lolxh w r youcrtficizehim, he'll b i t e k k foes, o He was bendingouer his desk, m'tinstins EZL) hll back (atsWsch) @ v + a d v * v+prep @ v+adv m b e n d owr 'bac(to do rth) to do everything you can or make a great effort to do ,blte sth 'back to stop yo& from saying 5th sth, especially to help sb: We kd o w M k or Ram showing how you feel: She stmggqIeri to wards to kfairla all the chiIdm. b!te back the Iwrsof dhppohtrrrenr. o M ~ k ebit back his onget o The word 'idiot*came into her wyl,M. or h m u e n t bsb bet hmd, butshe bit it back. tmg, b s t l ~betted). , E U w o w , anger, retort IlE) l u p p l a u nth Bite sth back is not used in the passive. 'bet on s t k ' b t on sbdolng sthtorelyon~th @ v+adv+n + v + p m + a d v + v+n+adv(mrP) or on sb doing sth and expect It to happen: 'Do you ihirrk she'll corn.'' ' I wouldn't M on it (= I ,bite 'into sth 1 tocutorprrss lntothesurfaceof st h: Themllm bli inro his neck. EQcut Into atb don't t h ~ n kit is very Hkely). ' oDonr bet on me 2 to have an unpleasant effect on sth,especNly still being hem wheny#u get h c k ! by making itsmaller. Therecessronis bitinginlo BE)cwnt om sblsth,~ountonddngath,count ourprofits. on sbleth dolw s*l Q v + prep QV + P ~ ~ P +Y+WP be'long to ath 1 to be a member of sth, for example, a dub, an organhation or a family:I don't bebw to any polrtiml p~rly. ooPortUgaI olreody belongs to the European Union.EXi (trade) union, club, (polltleal) party 2 to be part of a particular group or system: R a t t h m k e s belongtotheuipwjiamily. o TThesethmturtlesall bHe off ..............................15. ...... .............................. ...........-..................................... '."'*"""" ........................ - ,bHe sth 'off to cut 8th ofP by biting it: She bftofl n n h e of chomlale. o Hisfinger had h e n bitten lar way;to advert& ssblsth as 8th: ~ome$a#im& nrerecefvlng w h n l h n s k n billedrnarauolution- nty treatment. o The hrinkl AT I M ~ ~ , , - , rnrn bilw ;Q @ V + a* n + v +WPM + a* mf*nmsbb 'headoffotf(frlfom0 to shout fi-b or speak W them angrily,often for no goDd reason: 1only asked him when the work muid be finished and he almost bit my head ofl blte o f f more Man you can 'chew (informal) to t r y to do + Y bkek ................................ ..............-.... I X . . . - 16 ................-...... .I....................A... ....................................... . . I I _ -..+ .......- for you: I"hk blare p l e a ( r h ~ blerl ~n~ dImehe3bi~n~momlhan~mndtaudtauI,~ Ublam ' O M 'Out if music bm rmt. hbmen myhidher'tongue offjout '0 a radio, etc. blares out music, it is produwd medto say that youwrsh you said 8th that or played wry loudly: Music tuas blaring our you have just said: Sam looked hurt and Mark Irom somwm, The radio wlrs bhriw out cuuldhaw bitknherherngw on: rock music. S E B blast wt. Mmf sth w t ( k m w n t ) black ~blekekl too much ar 6th that ia too 6-t + ,black 'out to lose consciousness or bse your memory for a short time: Thepain hit hlmand he bkksdout. v+adv r v+adv+n + v+nlpmn*adv blast r n ~ m t m b l r e s t ~ ,blast a ' w y (~ s W a h ) if a punor sb using a gun ev+adv blasts away, the gun fires Ioudly and continuk 'blackoutn a temporary bss of oonsciousnegs ously: The machirwgw b h t d w y all night. or of memory: When dEd you stud hauinr rm bhckouts? ev+adv +S W Q h BLACKOUT at BLACK STH OUT ,blast s M h a'way (lessmm to )kki ssb or remove sth or break it apart vlolentl~for ,black ath 'out to turn out ltghts mmpleteb or example w ~ t ha gun, explosives, etc: They h u e cover windows. etc. so that light cannot be seen blast& a w the s aof this h u t i f u i MI.& to from outside: b h h d out windowslhouses o The make o twd o flgurotiw) This t h r y h u ken ~ city rws often b h k d o u t (= there were no lights bIns&daway by thenemevidenm. because there was no electricity)by power cua ,sv*, blow sbMh away E J window, city e v + a d v + n + v+nlpmn+a&(m) Hack sth out isoftenused in the psssive. ,blast "ff when a spacecraft blasts ofF,It leaves Q v + a d v + n . v + w n + a d v + v+n+adv(rnre) the ground and goes up into spa=: The m%et b 'blackout f (mp3ully Brm (in the past) a bius.Moff at 7.2Bp.m periodof timeduringa warwhsntheslrwsmd m Hft off buildin@ were kept as dark as possible so that *v+adv the enemy could not see whatto bomb 2 [usually t 'bl8~t*Wnl[rlthe moment when a spaceffaft pl.] (BrE)acoveringfor windows that stopslight leaves the ground: BIaslafl uttU bP in SO semnrls. from outside corning In,Orthat stops bright light being seen h m outside: blackout material 3 ,blast 'out: ,blast sth 'out iF music blasts out (also 'outageAm& a m o d of time when the or aradio,etc. blasts outmusic, It bpruducador electricity supply to a place stops completely played very loudly: A B w t h sang wus blastzng lEti3 This is now the most common meaning of out a t f i f l ualume, o The m$iu was b h t i n g out blackout. 4 a situation when the government or h q mkmusic. thp w11ce prevent a radio or television pro,sr*, blare out, M m .fhout gramme h m being broadcast, or do not allow +v+adv + v+adv+n v+nlpmn+adv some news or information to be given tothe public: The government have heen a s c u d of maintoinfnga news bfackoutowrelmionfraud" ,blazea'wayl (atsWrth)ifgunsorpeopleblaze +~eeafsoR L A C K O U T ~BLACK ~ OUT away, the guns fire mtinuously: Thenunsk e ~ i biazing away at the enemy. 2 If a fire blazes blank ~l$lsegkl away, it burns brightly ,blank 'out( A m , &form0 If you or your mind BEa Blaze is usedwith the 8ame meanhgs. blanks oat, you m ' t remember mythinn or & v + a& you become confused:I h o p l & n l blank out in ,blare 'up if a gre blam,it suddenly starts the eram. burning more strongly: @gumid His anger UElH Blank has the same me-. blared up u n m m i k h l j t @ u+adv - rfrv+arl" ", ,blank 9th ' o d $ to delibxately sth unpleasant Your chlkfhmd mqv how ken diffi- blendhlendl cuU but you mn?just blank it out. 2 to cwer sth *) if rwmetHlng in written or printed, for example, with black ink Ibled 'In (* so that it -not be m d : All ihe names in the ~ ~ ~ ~ remn had been blanked ouf. blend i n m l y with thewpet. o Tha n e w o m * v+pmn * w*n+adv(rrve) b h k m ' t b k d in )-,&[ with i& &&it&m[sur. mundings. 2 (wtth sb) if sb blends in with other . ' . I7 .... L ....X...........................................~.....n................................-............ '.-'..- . blow away ....................... ~eo~le,thgrbecomesimilar tothepeoplearound ,blockfih'outtosbop~tornoiisehmooming blocked out in; to cwer or hide sth: The them:He should try 0 blend h wfth the W L Fa much of thesunlight. o m u r u t i w ) I'm W tu blr nore. the tnIfFc n0i.w now Ijwt block it out I= I don't + S e e a h BLEND INTO STH; MERGE IN (WITH STH), hear it). MERGE INTO STH BXi MgM, run, .ound +./+a& @ v + a d v + n . v+pmn+adv + v + n + a d v ( h ,bland sth 'In 1(in owkIngEto add motha sub PrePW) stance to ath and mix them together: Heat the burtergently and lhrm &nd Ina h t S l @ ~ uBrFX) ,block s h t h 'out;,block sb/sth 'outof sth to avo~dremembering swath or thinking abut mix sth In 2 to make a suhtance mix with sblsth, especially sth unpleasant: He rried lo another so that ynu cannot see where one ends blmk the ~ncidentowl of his mind. and the other starts: BIend theqeshadow in with ,sv*1 blot sblath out,btal sWsth owl o f ath; yourfingem. o He ble& m she c h a m 1 lines to shut 8th out, shut sth out of stb: lupplaSS sth make thepicture look softer Qv+nlpron+adv + v+adv+n +v+adv+nev+pmn+adve v+n*e&(less v + n/pmn + a h + prep fwuent) , b l d 'Into8th tolookorsoundsoaimilar tosth ,blocksth'uptofillsthsuchasahoklem@etely so that nothrng can get through It All the winthat it ISdIfEcult for anyone to see w hear It sep arately. The animalsmn become a[mosl ~nviriibk dows hnd k e n bhked up EEI wlndow, door, hole,Rlsplaw by hlend~nginto ihe longgrms o Thenew develQv+nlpron+adv 4 v+adv+n opment should bknd inlo itssurrwndin~s. b ,blacked 'upadj completely full;not clear:I've EZJ background, surroundlnp got a blockwl-up nor;e. +saaabo HI.END IN;MERCE I N (WITH STH).MERGE INTO STM +v+prep ,blotsbrsth 'out; ,blot s h t h 'out of 8th to avoid remembering sWsth or thinking about ,bRmp 'autrup(AmE, iMormaO to becomefat: to sblsth, espe~iallysth unpleasant: He wanted 0 blot out the memog~ galn weight +v+adv blinkjbhkl ,blink sth a W y to clear 8th BPm the eyes by blinking .(= closing and opening ywr eyes quickly): He blinkedawy a tear mteam +v+adv+n * v+dpmn+adv ,blink sth 'bsektotrytowntrolyourteam!~nd IEImmorles, thught. bidaWsth out, block sblsth out o# stll; shut sth nut, s h d sth out of 5th ev*n/pmn+adv + v+adv+n r v+nlprm+adv+m in; to ,blot sth 'out to stop light or noise c w e r or hide slh: Dnrk c l o d s wexe blotting out She sun. EB3 l l g M sun,ttwr,round Mock s?h wt Qv+adv+n * v+rtlpmn+adu myseff b l l n k ~ n g ~ c k ~ ~ h h ~ E l only tmarIs) 9v+adv+n + v+nlpmn+adv -* -wt 18 -down ,block slNsth 'In to stop a vehicle from being -0Wr in, into "UP drlven away by parking too close to it: You're -off blodrlngthathfini in, o ~ h i y h a d p w k e in d frontof me,b h k I n g m I n ~Iwasblackdinbj, ,blow alrey; ,blow Hh a'way to be mwed or two Io,-r&ssoIhadtoleavethewrund~Ik. carried away by the form of the wind or by sb's Q) v+nIpmn+adv + v+adv+n(& fwwnt) ,block nth 'off1t o ~ l o s e a m a d o r a n o t h e r p ~ ~bmth;tomweinthis way:~twmso w i n d y ~ h e m m d J ' bkw OW? 0Aslldden b m blew h ~ s newsby placing a barrier acmes it to stop s&t.h gohg WPQ~W0 . she blew away #heduston the lid. in or cornme out: The mIiEB bIocXBd mdreel a f t -~ . ~ .~ ~ w ~ ~ leaks.-kh street, mad, areal, antrank EE) ,blow sb a'way 1 [lqfwnurbto impsb a lot close sth off (to 8thlsb) 2 (especmlly AmG) to to surprise or please sb: I s c u o h w ~ o m m o n B d w a y last ymr and it just blew me awa~a reserve a period of time for a particular activity: T h u W y aflernoomare blocked offprsporbs. - @v+n/pron+& + v+adv+n boll down ....'.,........,. ............................ ~ 2 IAmE, idormat, s p a m to defeat ab easily: ,blow 'out;,Mow ath 'out1 Wafhmebbws Mitchell blew m a y theother r u m . o a t or sWsth blows it out, it is put out by the +v*nlpmn+& + v+adv+n wind or mme air: Them WQS a s&n gusr of mind and the mmndle bleur out. o She twk a deep ,Wow sbisth a'way to kill sb or remove or desbreathand bk-wout ail thecundk 2 if a window troy sth with explosivesor with a gun: He threatblow8 out,or an explosion,etc, blow it out, the e n d to blow us a m % o They blew hk k m p g force makes it fall out: All the windows blew out nwuy(= by shootlngthem). in the blast. o The expbsbn blew our the winB blast nbiatk avray dows in the butldmg. v+Wpmn+adv + v*arhr+n e v + a d v + r+adv+n + v+nlpm+sdv ,brow 'dorm; ,blow 5th 'down It sth bbm wrt)to defmt slb down, or the w ~ n dblows It down, it falls to the ,blow Sb 'out WmE, i?g-1, easily: The home Fmm blew out the Suns by M ground m u s e of the force of the wink An OM wk tree hnd bbwn down in the &rm o H m - points. @v+dpmn+adv v+adv+n dredsof treeshavehnblowndown this iuintm b 'wawwt n W, irlformal. sporl) an easy Qv+adv + v+nlpron+adv r v+adv+n victory ,blow 'In; ,blow 'Into sth (lnformab) to arrive +seealsoE~owow~at stow OWT somewhere where you are not expPcted: Laok who'sjusl bbwn in! o How you h r d who'sjwt ,blow ath 'out 1 to breathe sth out fmn your mouth. She inhakd and then bIau thesmoke out. blown into town? exhale 9th 2 to All sth, especially your v+adv v+prep cheeks,w ~ t hair She blew out her cheek in ems,blow 'off;,blow sth 'off;,Mowsth 'off sth pamtwn. cheeka 1 if sth blows ORor the wInd blow&it off, it is +v+nlpmn+adv + v+adv+n removed by the forceof the wtnd: M y hat bkwofl UiE!blow yourlshb 'bmlnnaul (ir&mmn to kill oAgusl4fwrndblewherwofloTbrooJwas yourselBsb by shooting yomIfIthem in the blown o r llae Greem'hoz&. 2 if sth blows off in head an explosion, or an explosion blow s t h off it 1s violently remwed: Thedoor blewoff inlheaxplp ,blow Itself 'wtIf a storm blows itseaelf ant, it loses its force and stops: By morning the m m sion. o Thee+plosiunblewthemf off ( t h e h o w ) . h i blown itsev out. @v+adv + v+nlpron+adv v+adv+n + + + v+ nlpmn+ prep + v+pron+adr mblowlknack s M Dtl tO i m p m or ,blow 'over 1 if a storm blows wer, it bemrnea surprise sb very much: When Ifirst W the less strong and stops: W e s h e l W in a barn until sow, it blew my sacks o n the sMra blew wet IEQ dle dmvn,subside 2 if sth such as an argument blows wer,it becomes ,blow 'off 8th; ,blow It '&(A&, i r & m d j to less immrtant and is forgotten: Dun? m m back deckde no2 to do sth you should do or were planto work until the argument has blown over EfQ ningto do: Jmh bkw off herclnssesonfiiduy subslde afLermn togo shopping. +v+adr EmX A noun must follow off, but a pronoun comes betweenthe verb and off. ,blow 'over,blawrmth 'mmrif sWslh blows @ v+adv+n v+pmn+adv over or the wind blows sbhth over,they fan to the ground becauseof the force of the wind:Gne ,blow 3b '0ff(.4naE, InirmaOto disappoint sb by of the irees had blown o w r in the stom. o The not meeting them as arranged., to end 8. wlationfence had been blown over in a storm. shrp with sb: We uwre srrppwd to go out yes* Blow sblsth over is offen used in the p w day, but he blew meoff: slue: Pedesk~amwere blown over in &e force stand sb up + winds today. v+nlpron+adv + v+adv+n g v + a d v r v+nlpron+adv ,blow 'out 1 if a lyre blows oat, it bursts suddenly:One of &front tym bkmout. hrrt ,blow 'up 1 to explode; to be dstroyad by an explosion: The bomb blew up as q r f s tried to 2 rf an oil or gas well blows out It suddenly defrrse it. 0 The cur blew up when it hit the wlL sends out gas with great force explode (moreformal) 2 to staxt suddenly +v+adu and withfom:Aslosm blew upjusraftertheship F 'blowout n Ianoccasionwhenatyre bursta on Ieftmrt. o R row has blown upowrtheleaklngaf a vehicle while it 3s being driven 2 an occasion ir$ormcrtioion to t h e p m . EQ dla d m 3 [a* sb) when oll or gassuddenly escapeshm anoil weU (rnformaR to become very angry: MYmum blew 3 (BrE, i!&rml) a large meal at which pmple u p a t m y c d a d f o r ~ p l n g m u p m h t eoHfsattG . eat too much 4 W+ inform0 a large party or tudeannoy&meand f bkw up. soclal occasion ev+adv -B see a h BLOWOUTat e ~ o w SB OUT H B l b h q t n a b i ~ c 'into nth 1to walk into 6Weth because m ,blunder ~ - atlcm blows up in your face. it goes ~ w byd y wrong and causesyou harm or embarrassment b 'blow-up n I {especinllyAmE) an explosion 2 ylmm an n i o n when sb becomesvery angry: an argument:The lensionsbeluxen themended u1 a blg blow-up, 4 Wt?dS0 BLOW-UPat BLOW STH UP you areawkward or unable to s: She blundmpd intoa tree. 2 teaceidentally And yourself ina diificult or dangerous place or situation: She blund e r d intoa dangernusownof theclrjrafterlosing her way. 0 He had innocently blundered into a priwie dkpute. *w+m #law sb/sth 'up to k id sb or destroy sth with a bomb or an explosion: The h w k m thraalened toblow theplnneup. oOAj&einIfalyruasMown ,blurt sth 'out to say sth suddenly and without up hy a car bomb Iapf uwek thinkmgcmrulEy: %$been anmi&nt,'she Blow sblsth up is often usedinthe passive. blurted out o He found himself blurting oui the Q v+nlpron+adv + v+adv+n whole story to her @v+adv+& v+adv+n + v+rrlpmn+adv ,blow ath 'up1tofillsthwlthairor gas: Y w W lo blow up the tyres on your bike. EZQl balloon, E B Inflate sth ( m m f o r m n ~ I& stk boardfbxd:AmEbad/ down 2 to make 9th larger: What a lowly photo! ,board sth 'up to cwer awindow or a door wlth Why don'tyou have it blown up?@Eiphota Isrrr, boards:Allthe windows had &en b m k d up. enlarge ath (mrefmmf) 3 to make sth seem FB3 wlndmv, houw,shop more ~mportant, betteror worse than ~treally IS: Board sth up is often used inthe passive. The whole Marr has k n blomn un out of all @v+nlpron+adv + v+adv+n pmportiom. F B exaggerate sth (moreJorrnQi) ~ v + n l p m n + a d v v+adv+n b 'blow-up n a lacger picture made from a photo or pictun: The blom-LIDs h o d a SCar on the ,bob 'up 1to come to the surface quickly: S h dive$ in and hbobbad up nfiw =rids LWr En t h ~ attacker 3 c h k . middle of the pool. 2 to appear suddenly: She + s e e a I s o ~ w w - ~ ~ a tUP ~~ow hbbed upfmm behind thefence.. pup up t 'blowup odj [only More m]that you can QV+& fill w ~ t air h or gas +see also BLOW-UP atBLOW UP ,bluff sb 'wt.(oId-fmhioned,i&rmaL (?s@n[ly AmEj to lie and pretend In order to h i v e sb +v+nlpfcm+sdv r v+adv+n ,bog ' d m( A mtobe unable to makepmgreas: The bill hgged down aftw kfngpaspedbY Cangress. (bv+adv ,bluff It 'out{es@dlyBrEj to lie and deceive sb be~get,bogged 'down(In sth)1tobelget tuck in mud orwet gt~und: tobecome stuck in 8th and In order to get out of n dimcult situation, espeunable to m a h progress: The m r got bog& cially when they suspect yw are not being hondown m the mud. 2 to beunabletomake progress est: if he asks any dimult questions~you'll have in an activity: Ihn'iget down in details. o to b I m it out. o I know euerylhing so there's no I'm rather w g e d down (with work) at the point lryrng blw itout. moment. Qv+rt+sdv belget+ v + adv ,bluff sb 'out of sth (oWfmhbmd, AnFF to ,bog 'm(BrE. sZmg) used to tell sb rudely to go deceive sb in order to get sth Porn them away:Sog oflISn tryinglosleep! F 0 , c h m t $h of sth,chwt sb out of sth clear off ( W o r m 0 v + dpmn * a&+ prep m& + + @v+adv ,blundera'rouml: ,blumlera'mund sth (ah ,blunder a'boutPmund, ,blunder a'brmv'mund , M I a'way if a liquid boUs away, it boils until there is nothing l& The wuw in the s a m n sth especially RrEj to move about a place in an had all bolledaway. awkward or uncertain way, knocking into )ar.) wapOrah(m~j-ormul) thmgs: He blunder& a b u t in the dark, &ling v+adv fir the light swilch. o f blun&d wound the j b t , hying lo be quiet. ,bolt d h 'down 1 to make a liquid less In quan+v*adv v+prep tity by lmlllng it IIB) r e d m nth (morefOmU0 + boll down to .................................................... -.....*.....-.. ...*.r......-....- ......-....2( 2 (to 8th) tomake sthsmakr by semwingunim- ,bomb 'outElnjBmE, qpdallykmh')loPailvery portant parts and leaving only the essential badly: Themovkbombed o u r n t t h e b x o ~ , things: Boil the report down lo Ihe key wznts. Bomb is&ou&with thesamemeanlng. E l 0 wndvlnw 8th (moreformal) &v+nlpron*a& 4 v+adv+n Q v+adv berg& ,bombmi 'out:m e t ,bombed ' o d ,boil 'down to sth (not used in thepmgmmIw of sth ff a person is bombed out,their home 1s f e r n )if a situation, an issue,etc. boll3 down to d~stroyedby bombs: if a building 1s bombed sth, it has that as itsmainpart: Itall h ~ f s d o w n out, It is destroyed by bombs: T h y got bombed lo money rn the&. out. +v*a&+prep +belget+v+edv ,boll ' m r I If a liquid in AN, etc. W over, it boils and flows over the side of the pan: Dm? kt r be(get+v+adv+prep m: bane A ~ bwnl E the milk borl o m 2 Onto 8th)(inform0 if anger. ,bone 'up on 8th ( W r m a l )to study 8th:to look an argument, etc. boils mr, it change and again at sth you a h a d y h w lrnurl bone upon becomes very violent and diicult to control: myFrench &foremgotoParis. The unrest could boil owr inlo civil wul: o She v + adv + prep inlerrupied swiftly ,!&ire hts m p r muM boil owragain. EE)explode + +v+adv ,boil 'up Lf anper, an argument,etc. boils up, It starts to beoome stronger ormore violent +v+adv , b k 'In(at.th),,bOOk 'In@ &th(BrE)toarrive at a hotel and arrange to have a mom: TRajr h k e d in (at the 56 Fmncis H o w wing a f a h mme.o She M e d into a hotel in the certw oj , h i l SWI 'up to heat a liquid or some fwd Boston until lt bails:I'llboil the W k u pegainand we'll FEE) checkIn(atah);chkhtosth Rrrveacupof tea. BE0 check out, cheek out of nth Boil sth can be usel with the same mean@v+adv v + w p ing. ,book sbllpourself 'In(atsth),,book s'luyour@ v+Wpmn+adv * v+adv+n self 'inte sth(BrE)toresemaroomatahotel, etc for sb: I'ue Booked rrs in at the Plaza. o The hote! I w m booked into was awfuI. o He'sbooked ,bollix sth 'up(AmE,slang)tomnfuseorchange h a m ! f r m n rehub~litutionclinic. sth:tospoilsth EEi hotel mess sth up (JtbfOmO, lwew sth up @ v + nfprm + adv v + ntpmn + prep (slang) ,book 'up (lw ath) ( w f u BrE) to reserve a @v+nlpmn+& * v+adv+n place, fur example on a lrip or a course: I h k & d upfor the coursenwnths In h l l c e . bolsterrbmtstalr):A ~ 'bwi.1 E W Bmk (for 5th) can be used with the same meaning. ,bolster s h t h 'up to support or encourage sb: +v+adv to make sth better or stronger: He tried to bolster up their momk o The high iniemf ram helped be ,booked'up 1 if a plane, restaurant, theatre, to bokre* up them?wm$ etc. i s boom up, there are no seats, tablea etc. EEi confidence,morale available:Ail theflights are h k e d up Be Bolster sWsth is morefmquent. fully h k e d is often uwd with the same meanQv+nlpmn+a& v+adv+n ing. 2 (informal)if a person is booked up, they have no tlme available: He mn'!see you tomorrow, he's booked up. ,bolt 8th 'down (WrrrmT)to eat sth very quickly:Ehadlohltdownmy br&fa$t. +be+v+edv mfood E E E Bolt nth isalso used with this meaning. b v*adv+n ,boom 'out if a sound or sb's voiw booms mt,it makes a loud, deep noise: Hls uolw boomed out, announcing the w i n m . ,bornb a'long (ir&rmal, espclally BrE) to move very fast,usually havehicle ,boom 'out to say 5th In a loud deep v o w She bwmd out #n#Wfans through n bud h a i k o A mice hmmd out: ' N o M y moue!' +v+n/pmn+adv +v+adv +v+adu &v+adv+n v+a&*spwch bottle ybntl: A ~ E ' W ,bod sb ' o e ,boot sb 'out of sth (ir&rmaI, ,bottle 'out: , W e 'out of sth; , w e 'out of dolng sth (BrE, iqfofmnr) to suddenly especwlly BrE) to force sb to leave a place. job, decide not to do sth -use you are too fightschool,club, etc:I'll have to boosyou wtsoon -1 en& I hoftled out of phoning him at the k t want to lock up. o T ~mnnnger E h i e d him oat of mrnute. thetenrn, o He luns bootedout the h o w by his ,sr*, cMekon out chlclren out ol sth.chlcken fn ther ,srrrr kkksbout,ldEkYboutofrth~hfimml), - outvfddnglth Qv+adv v+adu+prep sth Boot sb out, boot sb oat of sth are often ,bottle sth 'up to keep your feelings, especialEV used In the passive. sadness or anger, hidden md not telE other +v+nlpmn+adv + v+sdv+n + pwple how you am feeling: Tell m m n e hour v+ nfpmn + adv + pr%p yo~~'re@ling, in.&&@ boltlingit all up. ,boot 'up;,M sth 'up (mmputlng) if a m- @Iemotions,feelings @v+nlpmn+attv v+adu+n puter boots up, or sb boots it up, it is turned on and becomes ready to use: My machine tsn't bootmgupupropriy. o When-youh# up,a m w wirl appwr on tk h e m o B w i the computer up and ,bottom 'out if markets,prices or ktd situetions enaryowpassword. bottom out, they reach their l m t mint and computer then stop getting worse: The m n hnsfinnlly Qv+adv v + d p m n + & v + v+adv+n $oltomedout. throw sb out,thmw sb out of border /lmda(r);AmE'b3nl-/ +v+adv 'border on sth (also'border upon d h ( h f o r - bouncem-si M I ) 1 to share a border with mother counh~ or ,bounce sth a'round(frsrormat,e ~ 1 ~ s c l a l f y ~ ~ ~ region; to be next to a place: Many slates bo&to discuss 5th with other pmple: We're bouncing ing on t h EEam mger Fa jora o Their garden samnew ikksarnwrd. border$ on the Riwr S e w n . 2 to mme close to E E Ideas being 6th: Her selfar@dence bordm rm a r m ~ v + n l p m n + a d u4 v+e&*n gance. o Our task h r & n on She impossIbk E!D ,bounce 'back(from mth) IAmEcrIsn ,wmp 'beek verge on ath (lnb ath)] (Informal) to m v e r well after you Q v + prep have been ilUs~ckor had a dimcult time: No matter whnt happens, she ahays b o u r n back wry quick1y. ,bore 'into sbleth (lltemv)if mmebody'a eye8 Isr.)r e c o w (from sth)(morejbrmal) bore into sblsth,they stare in a way that makes @v+adv sb feel uncomfortable: His blue eyes seemed to ,bounce Wck: ,brim sth 'back if an e b m into fm mail boancea back,or the system bounces it 0v + P ~ @ P back, it returns to the person who sent It M u s e the sgetem wet deliver it Qv+& + v+adv+n v+nlpron+adv ,boss sb a'rwnd ( a h ,bM. sb #but a w ,bounoe ab 'ide sth;,bounce $b 'Into ciolty BrE) (fnformnl)to tell sb what to do in a dolng sth (especiallyBrE) to make or force sb forceM or unpleasant way: He's alwuys bossing to do sth quickly without g~vingthem time to hki wiJe mmd. think about it:IfeltI'd heenbounced inlompponQ v + nlpran+ adv ing apmposalldidn't really agree with. =This phrasal verb is of€cn used in the botchl%DtJ;AmEba.tf/ passwe. @ v + nlpmn + prep ,botch d h 'up{ i r l f o m t )to spoil 6th by doing it badly; to do sth badly: I m W o f f i l n g my corn- ,bounce sth 'off 8b (iMrmol0 to tell sb eLse your ideas to find out what they think about pure6 he's botched il up cunnplp&E~ them: We wmable to sharepmblems and bounce E33 mess sth up Botch sth is usedmore frequently with the ideas on each other ESl Meas same meaning:botched a m p & at DrY +v+n/pron+adv v+sdv+n b ' b t c h p ( a h b k h ) n (Wrmnl,-I& Bra a piece of work that is badly done @ v + dpmn + prep branchfim:ntJ:AmEbmntJj bow mu1 ,bow ' d m 1-t( sWath) to move your ,branch 'Off 1 iS a road or path branches aff, it head or the top ~ rof tyour body forwards or leaves a larger one and goes in a different direc50 downwards as a sign of respect: He tion: ShefolIoruad thepath until it branched ofl o h w down the king. 2 (to ~Wsth)to do what Over Ihe bridge0 rwdhmrtdrosoff lo the right, 2 sb tells you to da without trying to resist: We if a person branches off, they leave a road or @se W f usl bow down and IPI the gwernmpnt path and travel in a diflerent direction: Go past do whaleuer it wan& thefirm and branch off towwds the he, Qv+edv @v+& ,h 'Out,,bOw ' o d of 8th to stop doing an ,branch 'out (Into sth) to begin to do a new job or activity or a job that you have been doing sucan activity that you do not usually do: Th@mmpmy u bmnchlng out inm Eumpe, o She's I ~ P m s f u l l ~often for a long time: mr thinyymrs in politics, hefteels it is time 60 bow out. o Smith ing thewmmny lo branch oat on her own. wili h w w t of p r o f ~ ~ ~ l ofwthlE noI ol the end of Qv+& themson. Qv+adv * v+a&+pi-ep 'bow to 8th to agree u